Вопрос № 1072633 - Английский язык

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The function of a cladding is to prevent the passage of air between indoors and outdoors of a building. For this purpose it is necessary to regulate air velocities within the building. Even small air leaks are extremely harmful. Why is it so?
It is because air leaks carry water through the wall, allow vapor to condensate inside the walls, and allow noises to penetrate the walls of the building from outside.
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What is the function of a cladding?

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What is the major purpose of cladding?
Cladding is a material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building. The cladding of a building is its most visible part. Its major purpose is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors.
Cladding must prevent the entry of water, snow and ice into a building. Water on the face of a building is known to be driven by wind not only in a downward direction, but in every other direction, even upward.
Water problems, that is keeping water out, are especially great on very tall buildings. These buildings rise to height where wind velocities are extremely high.
They are much higher than a ground level. It should be taken into account that on tall buildings water tends to penetrate the smallest crack or hole and enter the building.

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The first concrete bridge of F. Hennebique was designed and constructed in 1899. 1_______ his name was associated with bridges all over the world, and, by 1906, he had designed 700 bridges. And by 1920 he had completed 3600 2_______.
F. Hennebique travelled all over Europe setting up his agencies and firms. Contracts with his numerous clients had doubled each year. He also 3_______ reservoirs and by that time there were 7500 of them completed. He built the enormous sports stadium in Turin covering an 4_______ of 11 ha, with places for 70000 spectators.

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The function of the cladding of a building is to control the passage of light. Especially important is controlling the passage of 1_______.
It is a well-known fact that sunlight is heat that may be harmful or 2________. It can be useful for illumination but harmful if it 3_______ glare within a building. Besides, sunlight includes ultraviolet wavelengths that can be harmful for human skin. They may also cause harm to interior 4_______.

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The insulation of a building is its extremely important feature. It keeps a building comfortable for life; it helps make buildings cooler in summer and warmer in winter by retarding the passage of heat through the exterior surfaces of the building. It helps keep the people living in the building more comfortable by raising the temperatures of the interior surfaces of the building. It also reduces the energy consumption of the building for heating and cooling. The most important types of thermal insulating materials are the following: glass, wool, treated cellulose, glass fibers and some others.
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What is an extremely important feature of a building?

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Generally the load on roofs consists of two components: the snow load and the wind-pressure. The action of these loads is quite different on flat roofs and pitched ones. The snow load on flat roofs is great; practically it is at the maximum. As to the wind pressure on roofs of this type, it is very small – practically it is at the minimum. On pitched roofs the situation is different; when the pitch of the roof increases the weight of the snow load decreases. As to the wind pressure, it increases with the increase of the pitch.
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What components does the load on roofs consist of?