Вопрос № 800765 - Английский язык

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Commercial paper is an unconditional written order or promise to pay money. The most common form of commercial paper is the personal cheque. It was developed hundreds of years ago to serve as a safe substitute for money.
Instead of carrying their gold and silver with them, merchants left their money at the bankers. Then, when merchants wanted to pay a seller for goods they were buying, they wrote an order addressed to their bank. The order directed the bank to deliver a specified amount to the person or the place of the seller’s choice. The bank compared the merchant’s signature (and perhaps a seal) on the order with the signature left at the bank. The bank would comply with such written orders because, once the merchant had made a deposit, the bank was legally indebted to the depositor for that amount. Consequently, if the merchant demanded return of the deposit, the bank had to give it back.
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Instead of carrying their gold and silver with them, merchants left their money ______________.

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When is a draft called a bill of exchange?
Draft is a written order for the payment of money drawn by one person, directing a second person or financial institution to pay a third person. A draft is called a cheque when it is drawn on a bank. When money is transferred between institutions in different countries, a draft is called a bill of exchange. A draft is payable on sight or on demand; however, in some transactions drafts are often payable at a stated date in the future.

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Stockholm, 15th May, 1998
1_____________,
When unpacking your cases with “Moskvitch” cars we experience difficulties owing to the cases being too low. The space between the top of the cases and the top of the car is 2______________ and as a result some cars are getting damaged on the top.
We suggest therefore that you 3_______________ the cases with one board of about 20 cm high, which would enable us to unpack the cases without damaging the cars.
We are looking forward to your answer.
4_____________,
Mr Green

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Moscow, 1______________, 1999
Dear Sirs,
We have received your letter of the 15th May and 2______________ you are experiencing difficulties in unpacking cases with “Moskvitch” cars owing to insufficient height of the cases.
We have contacted the manufacturing plant and arranged for the cases to be made about 20 cm higher as suggested by you.
We thank you fur bringing the matter to our attention and feel sure that 3_____________ the cases will not cause you any trouble.
4_____________,
Mr Burov

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Moscow, 11th August, 1998
1_____________,
M.T. “Binta”. Contract №525 dated Jan. 10, 1998
We have received 2_____________ informing us of the arrival of the M.T. “Binta” for lifting 10,000 tons of Gasoil against our Contract №525.
We would like to point out that up to present moment we have not had any advice from you about the chartering of this vessel. In this connection we refer to your letter of 20th July, 1998, in which you informed us that you had not yet chartered a tanker and in which you promised to cable us immediately after chartering it. The unexpected arrival of the M.T. “Binta” at Batumi has put us in a difficult position so far as loading arrangements are concerned. Although in this case we have taken measures to ensure that the loading of the vessel should be effected without delay, we must insist, in accordance with § 6 of the contract, that in future you 3____________ the names of the vessels chartered by you as well as of their approximate loading dates at least two weeks before the expected arrival of each vessel at port of loading.
Yours faithfully,
4____________

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1___________, 14th August, 1998
M.T. “Binta”. Contract № 525 dated Jan. 10, 1998
Dear Sirs,
We are receipt of your letter of the 11th August and have to apologize for failing to give you due notice of the chartering of the M.T. “Binta” and of the date of her expected arrival at Batumi.
As a matter of fact, the “Binta” was originally placed by us for 2___________ in the Persian Gulf, but when we subsequently 3______________ her to Batumi, we omitted, through an oversight, to advise you of it.
We thank you for taking measures to start loading the tanker without delay and assure you that in future you will be notified in due time of the expected arrival of each tanker chartered by us against Contract № 525.
4___________,
Mr White