Вопрос № 223109 - Английский язык

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Laser is an extremely 1 _______________ device. It is nothing more than a cylinder of synthetic ruby about 1/4 2 _____________ in diameter and 1 1/2 inches long mounted in the centre of a spiral coil of glass. The coil is a xenon-filled flash 3_____________ very much like the ones 4_______________ by photographers for taking flash pictures.

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Laser is an extremely simple-looking 1 _______________. It is nothing more than a cylinder of synthetic ruby about 1/4 2 _____________ in diameter and 1 1/2 inches long mounted in the centre of a spiral coil of glass. The coil is a xenon-filled flash 3_____________ very much like the ones 4_______________ by hotographers for taking flash pictures.

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The laser beam is 1_____________ by exciting the atoms of a suitable material - ruby is one - until most of the atoms have electrons orbiting in a higher energy level than usual. The excitation is then stopped and all the excited electrons fall back together, to their normal orbits, each one emitting a pulse of 2______________ of the same energy. In this way an intense beam of light is generated for a very short time. And 3______________ pulse or wave-train in this beam is in step with every other pulse. In this way a beam of light is obtained which is both monochromatic and coherent and easy to focus. This light is reflected by the mirror at one end of the tube. It can only escape at the other 4______________ of the tube.

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The range of the 1______________ use is expanding with 2______________ passing year. The use of picoseconds laser pulses will help to 3______________ faster and more powerful microchips information circuits and computers by mapping more exactly the routes electrons take through semiconductor materials, the rates they travel and the effects of impurities. 4______________ lasers will help research on interactions among molecules in liquids.

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Lasers are widely used in 1_______________. In Moscow an All-Union Centre for Using Lasers in Surgery has been set up. The first step was made in 1970 by 2_____________ A. Vishnevsky who used a small-capacity 3______________ installation experimenting on animals. Russian scientists have produced Scalpel-1 installation which is widely used in our 4_____________ and is exported to many other countries.

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Lasers are used in 1________________ and in agriculture. Russian scientists have developed a 2______________ instrument - the laser projection 3_______________ (the work received the USSR State Prize). The tremendous brightness of laser radiation 4________________ it possible to project clear images of microobjects onto large screens, magnified 15,000 times.