Вопрос № 605368 - Английский язык

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Infection diseases can be classified by their means of transmission or by the area of the body they attack. For example, tuberculosis is a respiratory disease and it is transmitted through airborne droplets spread by sneezing and spitting. Hepatitis is a gastrointestinal disease which is acquired through contaminated food and water. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease which travels to a new host via bodily fluids and it is possible to pick up meningitis, which is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, by touching a contaminated object such as a doorknob.
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Hepatitis is acquired through …

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In the widest sense an infectious disease is one due to the invasion of the human body by specific germs of some sort which infect it. The infectious disease with a relatively short course is called an acute infectious disease, the others are called chronic infectious diseases.
The course of an infectious disease is often marked by certain stages or periods, each having a special term.
The period during which the germs are developing in the body without characteristic clinical manifestations is called the period of incubation.
It is followed by the prodromal stage during which the initial symptoms may appear.
Then comes the stage of a fully developed disease or the stage of fastigium which in case of a disease with cutaneous eruption is called the period of eruption.
The last period is the stage of decline, in the eruptive fevers sometimes called the period of desquamation.
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The last period is the stage of decline, in the eruptive fevers sometimes called _______.

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A local tendency to colds is caused by chronic hypertrophies and congestions of the nose and throat, by subacute or chronic catarrhs of these areas. Colds may be produced by any condition of the lungs or heart that may cause congestions of these mucous membranes, and particularly by such a condition of the nose or nasopharynx mucous membranes which will cause mouth breathing more or less constantly. Such patients are more sensitive to acute infections of the throat and lungs than are those who breathe through their nose.
A general tendency to colds is produced by hypersensitivity or decreased resistance of the body to microorganisms and dust particles in the atmosphere.
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A local tendency to colds is caused by _______.

Acute bronchitis is the disease of the bronchi. It is the inflammation of the bronchi. Its main symptom is a short painful dry cough associated with rapid respiration. The patient often complains of the pain in the throat, and behind the breastbone. He also feels discomfort in the chest and breathes heavily. Both dry and moist rảles are heard in the lungs.
The amount of the discharge from the bronchial mucous membrane is large. It accumulates in the bronchial tubes and makes the patient cough.
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Its main symptom is _______.

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A man 34-years of age had symptoms of bronchopulmonary disease, cough and fever which were controlled by penicillin. The X-ray examination of the chest showed a cavity in the left lung. The examination of the sputum for tubercle bacilli was negative. Two months later the patient re-entered the hospital, complaining of loss of weight.
The bronchopulmonary symptoms had become worse. He also had general cutaneous hypersensitivity and, for the preceding four days, constant bad headaches and left hemiparesis. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Within four days meningitis developed. The patient died in coma. An isolated small abscess of the upper lobe of the left lung and an isolated abscess of the right cerebral hemisphere were found at necropsy.
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Within four days _______.

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A delicate heart operation was performed in a hermetically sealed high-pressure chamber at the Moscow Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery.
The operated man was 48-years old. He had been hardly able to move because he was suffering from a serious congenital valve defect.
Now this operation is considered not a very complex one. But in this patient there was a serious risk of blood clotting in the brain.
The risk became quite insignificant when the operation was performed in the high-pressure chamber. At normal air pressure the amount of oxygen in a patient’s blood remains unchanged even if he breathes in pure oxygen. In a pressure chamber the oxygen amount in the blood increases considerably. In a pressure chamber the surgeon is able to operate with greater freedom on vital organs such as the brain, heart or blood vessels.
But it is very hard to work under high pressure. When operations are performed at seven or eight atmosphere pressures, the operation can only last two and a half hours. The personnel in the chamber have to be changed.
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In a pressure chamber the oxygen amount _______.