Вопрос № 911700 - Английский язык

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Cured meats are those which have had combined with salt, sodium or potassium nitrite. Sugar and spice are optional ingredients. The salt functions as a preservative while the nitrite and nitrate combine with the meat pigments to form fairy stable coloured compounds.

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Certain other substances absorb moisture from the air when they are exposed to it; these are said to be deliquescent. The impurities often present in common table salt are typical of this class of substances. Because these impurities tend to solidify upon absorbing moisture from the air the openings of a salt shaker clog in damp weather.
A substance that absorbs moisture from the air and becomes wet or dissolves in the moisture is called deliquescent.

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There are uncountable combinations of atoms. For example, 4 carbon atoms combine with 10 1_______ atoms to make up a butane molecule. A glucose molecule is made from 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen 2_______. Cellulose, the principal molecule in the plant cell walls and also in wood, paper, 3_______, and many other materials, is a chain that can include up to 12,000 glucose molecules. A sugar molecule is made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms grouped in specific positions. When these same atoms are grouped in different positions they can form alcohol or starch. The different proportions and positions of the atoms produce the 4_______ forms of matter.

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Scientists have recently come to believe that 1_______ in solutions and liquid mixtures behave very much as they behave in gases, 2_______, and solids. For instance, when two substances, such as sugar and water, are combined by dissolving, the particles of the solvent divide the particles of the solute, and the two kinds of particles then 3_______ freely. This is a 4_______ solution.

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What is a crystal? A crystal is a 1_______ solid made by a natural process. Many substances absorb water from solutions when they crystallize; that is, they unite chemically with a definite proportion of 2_______. The water with which any substance unites during the process of crystallization is called the water of crystallization.
Certain 3_______ substances, for example, washing soda, give up their water of crystallization when they are exposed air; they are then reduced to 4_______. Substances that have this property are called efflorescent, and the process is called efflorescence.

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Most people describe water as a 1_______ liquid. They know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called 2_______, and heated on a fire becomes a vapour called steam. But water, they say, is a liquid. Now we know that water consists of molecules composed of two 3_______ of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O. This is equally true of the solid called the ice and the gas called steam. Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all made up of 4_______ with the formula H2O.