Вопрос № 223081 - Английский язык

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The cloud of electrons formed in the space between cathode and the plate is called space charge. The space charge is negative and hence has a repelling effect on electrons emitted from the cathode. The amount of the plate current depends on the space charge and the relative strength of the electric field set up by the positive plate voltage.

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The cloud of electrons formed in the space between cathode and the plate is called space charge. The space charge is negative and hence has a repelling effect on electrons emitted from the cathode. The amount of the plate current depends on the space charge and the relative strength of the electric field set up by the positive plate voltage.

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The electron beam may be deflected either electrostatically or magnetically. Let us consider electrostatic deflection. An electrostatic field can be produced between two metal plates simply by applying a potential difference between them. Electrons entering the field between the deflecting plates will be bent in the direction of the lines of force, that is, they will be attracted toward the positive plate. The resultant path of the beam will be the net effect between its forward velocity and its deflection. As a result the electron spot is deflected upward or downward depending upon the polarity of the voltage on the plate.

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Now let us turn to cathode-ray tubes (abbreviated CRT) that provide a visual representation of voltage and current waveforms. Cathode-ray tubes consist of three basic components: 1. the electron gun, 2. a deflection system, 3. a fluorescent screen. These essential parts of a cathode-ray tube are mounted inside a highly evacuated, funnel-shaped glass envelope the large end of which has the fluorescent screen coated upon the inside surface.

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Among the most common meters used there are the ohmmeter, the ammeter and the voltmeter. The ohmmeter is used to measure the value of resistance. It consists of a milliammeter calibrated to read in ohms, a battery and resistors. The meter is connected in parallel and the circuit is not opened when its resistance is measured. The readings on the scale show the measured value.
The ammeter is used to measure the value of current. When the ammeter is used the circuit should be opened at one point and the terminals of the meter should be connected to it. One should take into consideration that the positive terminal of the meter is connected to the positive terminal of the source; the negative terminal - to the negative terminal of the source.
The ammeter should be connected in series. The readings on the scale show the measured value.

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A resistor is one of the most common elements of any circuit. Resistors are used:
1. to reduce the value of current in the circuit;
2. to produce IR voltage drop and in this way to change the value of the voltage.
When current is passing through a resistor its temperature rises high. The higher the value of current the higher is the temperature of a resistor. Each resistor has a maximum temperature to which it may be heated without a trouble. If the temperature rises higher the resistor gets open and opens the circuit.
Resistors are rated in watts. The watt is the rate at which electric energy is supplied when a current of one ampere is passing at a potential difference of one volt.