Вопрос № 223103 - Английский язык

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1_______________ research аnd industrial designing. Huge radio-telescopes, 2_____________ with sensitive instruments and powerful
amplifiers enable man 3_______________ an insight into the remotest corners of space, discover 4_________________ and puzzling phenomena of nature.

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1____________ research, in planning and controlling our national economy. Very complicated electronic 2____________ control the work of huge plants and power stations; even whole industries are 3______________ by electronic robots. Planes and rockets are also electronically controlled.
Electronics has sharpened our vision and given us chance to see the microworld more clearly. It helps 4___________ discover new and puzzling phenomena of nature.

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Electronic computers 1______________ the trajectories of spaceships, help prepare, launch and monitor the rockets that carry the most complicated and sophisticated equipment. Radio-electronic 2_____________ ensure reliable communication with space probes at distances amounting to scores of 3______________ of kilometres, relay telephotos of distant planets. Hundreds of 4______________ devices perform various tasks on board every satellite and spaceship. It may be said that in the near future electronics will surely make great strides and help the humanity gain new victories in science and engineering.

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The realm of 1 ______________ of to-day influences almost, every aspect of human activity, while it was only in the beginning of our century that the basic idea, which was to develop into one of the most astonishing sciences of our time, was conceived. It was our Russian 2______________ A. S. Popov, who discovered the principle of wireless 3______________ that finally led to the development of electronic 4______________ for use in various communication devices.

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Intensive 1______________ of radio-location began in the early forties. All these years the vacuum 2_______________ was the heart of electronics and, hence, the field of 3______________ was usually defined as the study of the motion of electrons in vacuum tubes. However, it was found that small, controlled 4______________ of gas introduced into a "vacuum tube" could make it perform switching, rectifying and other jobs. To include the category of gas-filled tubes, "vacuum tubes" became converted to "electron tubes" and the science of electronics was expanded to include the study of electron motion in gases.

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The first semiconductor 1______________ was invented in 1948. It meant another important advance in the development of 2_____________. Semiconductors possess a number of valuable 3______________ over electron vacuum tubes, - miniature dimensions and high 4______________. Thus electronics became the study of electron motion in solids. The realm of electronics widened still more. This opened up other fields of application for electronics.