Вопрос № 224037 - Английский язык

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Operating in both the public and private 1__________, there is a number of different special 2__________ institutions offering loan finance and equity capital. In the private  houses they 3________ finance houses; specialist leasing houses; factoring companies and venture capital companies, each providing 4_________ to retail bank funding.

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In 1954, an International Finance Corporation 1__________ to supplement the World Bank by participating in equity financing in member countries, and in 1960, a third 2___________, the International Development Association (IDA), was created. These three organizations constitute the World Bank Group. The IDA has the same3___________  and staff as the World Bank, but its separate charter enables it to offer loans to low-income member countries repayable at 0.75 percent interest over 50 4_________ (including 10 years’ grace).

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The city of London has long been the nexus of 1_________ activity in a number of highly organized financial markets. These include the London Stock Exchange, the sterling 2_________ and bond markets; the foreign exchange 3__________; eurocurrency markets; financial futures; 4__________; commodities; shipping and freight.

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А corporation is a business 1_________ authorized by the state to conduct business and is a separate legal entity from its owners. It is the dominant form of American 2__________ because it 3__________ it possible gather large amounts of capital together.
Before a corporation may do business, it must apply for and receive a charter from the state. The state must approve the articles of incorporation, describe the 4__________ purpose and structure of proposed corporation.

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Management of a 1_________ consists of the board of directors who decide corporate policy, and the officers who carry on the daily 2__________. The 3__________ is elected by the stockholders, and the officers are appointed by the board. Some specific duties of the board of directors are to declare dividends, authorize 4___________, decide on executive salaries, and arrange major loans banks.

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The corporation form of business has several 1_________ over the sole proprietorship and partnership. It is a separate 2_________ entity and offers limited liability to the owners, ease of capital generation and 3__________ of transfer of ownership. 4_________, it allows centralized authority, responsibility and professional management.