Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос: What is Common law often contrasted with Common law is judge-...: ответ на тест 1046403 - Английский язык

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What is Common law often contrasted with?
Common law is judge-made law. Law that exists and applies to a group on the basis of historical developed over hundreds of years. Because it is not written by elected politicians but, rather, by judges, it is also referred to as “unwritten” law. Judges seek these principles out when trying a case and apply the precedents to the facts to come up with a judgment. Common law is often contrasted with civil law systems which require all laws to be written in a code or written collection.

Common law is judge-made law. Law that exists and applies to a group on the basis of historical developed over hundreds of years. Because it is not written by elected politicians but, rather, by judges, it is also referred to as “unwritten” law. Judges seek these principles out when trying a case and apply the precedents to the facts to come up with a judgment. Common law is often contrasted with civil law systems which require all laws to be written in a code or written collection.
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What is Common law often contrasted with?

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There are 51 basic legal systems in the United States: the federal system and a separate system in each of the 50 states. Although these systems are mainly similar, they also have important differences. For example, laws governing marriage and divorce are not the same in all states. The differences among legal systems exist because each of the original 13 states was previously sovereign (independent).

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The US law consists of the following:
1. The Constitutions of the United States and of the 50 states, and charters or constitutions for cities or counties,
2. The statutes enacted by elected representatives
3. Administrative law, and
4. Case law, as expressed in court decisions.
These four types of laws – constitutional, statutory, administrative, and case – are each created by federal and state governments. Local governments generally create only statutory and administrative laws.

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Narcotics, when abused, can cause serious mental and physical harm. There exist laws, which make certain narcotic-related activities criminal offenses. The activities include selling or offering to sell, possessing, transporting, administering or giving narcotics without a license, except by medical prescription.

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1_______. Actually the word law is very difficult to define. There is a field of law that is known as “jurisprudence”, which analyzes the concept of law and is concerned with the philosophy of law. 2_______.
In considering the numerous definitions of law and philosophy of law it must be recognized that one of the roles of law is to maintain order and that this is the function of the criminal laws. 3_______. Between these two extremes of what might be called law and order on the one hand and settlement of disputes on the other, there are many situations that cannot be so clearly defined. 4_______. If he fails to do so, or if he fails to declare all his income or takes improper deductions, he may be subjected to penalties, but he has also failed to live up to his obligations to society. In any event it is important that one bear in mind that the law is not simply a statement of rules of conduct but is also the means whereby remedies are afforded when one person has wronged another.