Вопрос № 912040 - Английский язык

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A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill to be considered a skilled worker at his trade, is called tradesman or craftsman.
He may be a carpenter-and-joiner, bricklayer, mason, slater-and-tiler, plumber, electrician, house painter, glazier, floor-and-wall tiler, paper-hanger, steeplejack, hot water fitter and so on.

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International trade of food was practiced in the ancient world. In the Middle Ages the trade in salt and wine 1_______ the breakdown of many of the traditional trade routs. Trade with the Far East – for spice crops such as cinnamon and pepper, and later for tea – was 2_______ trade of the 16th and 17th centuries. Lately the demand for cocoa and for vegetable oils with which to make margarine, has been of equal importance. Improved 3_______ of storing and of preserving have revolutionized food industry in the last century. In the Middle Ages it was difficult even to store corn. Better warehousing was 4_______; but it was not until 1850 that the principle of refrigeration was discovered.

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In the north of Moscow, and visible for miles around, rises the giant reinforced tower of Moscow’s TV centre. The tower was built in 1968 to a design by D. Burdin, M. Shkud and L. Shchipakin. Altogether 533-m high, the TV tower has an observation platform and a restaurant at the height of 328 metres. The restaurant revolves slowly round the tower and offers a splendid circular view of Moscow. Despite its enormous size the tower seems amazingly light. It replaced the old iron-girder tower in Shabolovka Street, built by the engineer I. Shukhov. Yet, unlike its predecessor, this TV tower does not play a purely functional role but is at the same time a most important architectural landmark. The multistory building of the TV centre stands alongside the tower.

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We build because we need shelter. We need shelter from sun, rain, wind and snow. Not much that modern people do takes place outdoors. Our activities mostly take place indoors. For these activities we may need air that is warmer or cooler than the air outdoors. We may also need less light by day and more light by night than is provided by nature.

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The Eiffel Tower is one of Europe’s most famous buildings. 1_______. It is 300 metres tall and was built by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Universal Exposition in 1889.
Because the tower was such a tall building, Eiffel wanted to make it easy for people to get to the top. 2_______. Eiffel asked Elisha Otis to design a lift for the building.
3_______. Eiffel himself lived in the tower where he had his own apartment. Many kings and queens were happy to visit the tower during the opening and, of course, they visited Eiffel’s apartment. Although Eiffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also used for scientific experiments. 4_______.

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The first scientist to study colour was Sir Isaac Newton. 1_______. Newton was the first person to divide white light into different colours.
In 1861 another English scientist, James Clerk Maxwell, showed that he could make other colours by mixing the primary colours – red, blue and yellow – in different ways. 2_______. We make secondary colours by mixing two primary colours together. For example, red and yellow become orange, yellow and blue become green, and blue and red become violet. We make tertiary colour by mixing one primary colour with one secondary colour.
We can make a room look bigger or smaller, hotter or colder by using colour. 3_______. They can also make a room look bigger. Red, orange and yellow are hot colours. 4_______.