Вопрос № 605402 - Английский язык

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All devices in the computer system, which can be connected to the CPU, are known as peripherals. 1_______.
An input device is a peripheral, which enables information to be fed into the computer. 2_______.
An output device is a peripheral, which enables information to be brought out of the computer, usually to display the processed data. 3_______. Another common output device is a printer. This prints the output of the CPU onto paper.
4_______. It has a much greater capacity than the main memory and commonly uses magnetic tape or magnetic disks as the storage medium.

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MS-DOS is an operating system - a piece of software which looks after the running of your computer. It lets you create and keep track of files, run and link programs, and make use of peripheral devices (for example, printers and disk drives) attached to your computer.
Because your computer can run with one of several different operating systems (for example, MS-DOS, CP/M) the operating system is not built into the computer. Instead it is loaded from disk when the computer is started up.
Once the operating system has been loaded into the computer’s memory the disk from which it was loaded may be removed if required. The operating system needs to be reloaded only if part has been overwritten (when using very large programs, for example) or when the computer is restarted.
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Can your computer run with many different operating systems?

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Peripheral devices are categorized as input/output (I/O) devices since the functions they perform provide information (input) to the computer, accept information (output) from the computer, or do both. Line printers are output devices because they perform only output operations. Terminals and storage devices are input/output devices because they perform both input and output operations.
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Line printers are output devices because ______________________.

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System software is an organized set of supplied programs that effectively transform the system hardware components into usable tools. These programs include operations, functions, and routines that make it easier for you to use the hardware to solve problems and produce results. For example, some system programs store and retrieve data among the various peripheral devices. Others perform difficult or lengthy mathematical calculations. Some programs allow you to create, edit, and process application programs of your own.
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System software is an organized set of ___________________.

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The first generation of computers, which used vacuum tubes, came out in 1950. These computers could perform thousands of calculations per second. About 1960, the second generation of computers was developed and these could perform work ten times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this extra speed was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster. One of the best of these second-generation computers is the Soviet BESM-6 (big electronic counting machine).
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The first generation of computers came out ______________________.

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The third-generation computers began to appear in 1965. These computers could do a million calculations a second, which is 1000 times as many as first-generation computers; they are controlled by tiny integrated circuits and are consequently smaller and more dependable. Fourth-generation computers have now arrived. They are based on ICs greatly reduced in size due to microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are much smaller than before. As many as 1000 tiny circuits now fit onto a single chip. Fourth-generation computers are 50 times faster than third-generation computers.
The most recent mainframe computers based on very large scale integration are becoming available in the mid-1980’s.
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Fourth-generation computers are 50 times faster than _______________________.