Вопрос № 223148 - Английский язык

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Computers store information on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter.
Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory. To find out about the files in a directory, use the MS-DOS command DIR.
When referring to a file, you must use a file specification. This consists of a pathname, a filename and an extension (if there is one). As an example, to reference a file on drive B: called FRED.BAS (where the default drive is ‘A’) the correct file specification would be:
B:\FRED.BAS
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How do you find out about the files?

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MS-DOS lets you organise the files on your disk into directories. Directories are a way of dividing your files into convenient groups. A directory may contain any number of files, but it is often more convenient to separate the files into subdirectories.
This method of organising the disk is rather like a tree where the files are the leaves of the tree and the directories are the branches. (The first directory is usually called the “ROOT”).
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What is the “ROOT”?

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MS-DOS is an operating system - a piece of software which looks after the running of your computer. It lets you create and keep track of files, run and link programs, and make use of peripheral devices (for example, printers and disk drives) attached to your computer.
Because your computer can run with one of several different operating systems (for example, MS-DOS, CP/M) the operating system is not built into the computer. Instead it is loaded from disk when the computer is started up.
Once the operating system has been loaded into the computer’s memory the disk from which it was loaded may be removed if required. The operating system needs to be reloaded only if part has been overwritten (when using very large programs, for example) or when the computer is restarted.
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Can your computer run with many different operating systems?

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A disk is a data storage medium consisting of a flat, circular, magnetic surface on which information can be recorded. You will receive several disks with your computer. These already contain information and programs, and are ready to use.
Blank disks can be used to store your own information and programs, but these disks must be formatted before they can be used.
Disks which contain important information can be write-protected. This means you can read from but not write to the disk, making it impossible to write accidentally over information. Your disks can be write-protected - instructions are included in each box of disks.
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Why are disks with very important information called write-protected?

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Your computer may have either one or two disk drives, which MS-DOS knows as drives A: and B:.
The default drive is the one which MS-DOS uses unless you tell it to do otherwise. It is shown by the prompt which MS-DOS displays:
A>       drive A is the default drive
B>       drive В is the default drive
Tо change the default disk drive, enter the new drive letter:
A>   B:    changes the default drive from A to В
B>   A:    changes the default drive from В to A
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Can the computer have only two disk drives?

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Computers store information on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter.
Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory. To find out about the files in a directory, use the MS-DOS command DIR.
When referring to a file, you must use a file specification. This consists of a pathname, a filename and an extension (if there is one). As an example, to reference a file on drive B: called FRED.BAS (where the default drive is ‘A’) the correct file specification would be:
B:\FRED.BAS
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How do you find out about the files?