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Sex Roles in America
1. Historians have argued that the early colonists in this country granted women a higher status than they had held in England. One reason for the break with English custom was the importance of women's labor in colonial times. Each family had to be virtually self-sufficient, so the work of both sexes was vitally important.
2. In the nineteenth century middle-class women did not work outside the home. Economic and political doings were men's responsibilities; the domestic side of life was the domain of women. The family was regarded as a kind of retreat from the stress and tension of the workaday world; a good wife provided an atmosphere of tranquility, affection, and warmth.
3. During the mid-nineteenth century the western migration, the abortion and social-reform movement, the Civil War, missionary activity, and industrialism had the combined effect of undermining the cult of True Womanhood by involving women in activities outside the home. Yet despite the departure of many women from family-centered concerns, our gender ideals and attitudes about sex roles are still rooted in the nineteenth-century belief in the «rightness» of man-as-provider, woman-as-homemaker.
4. Today, although these stereotypes persist, they have been weakened by several forces. One of the truths that has emerged from psychological research is that there is no such thing as a «pure» masculine personality or a «pure» feminine personality. There are traits of autonomy and dependency, aggression and passivity, in all of us, male and female. Any given personality is a complex mix of all these traits. Another factor that has weakened stereotypes about the sexes is the realization that the stereotypes are not «natural» but, rather, are created by the society.
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The attitudes about sex roles in American society have completely changed.
There can be distinguished such a notion as «pure» masculine personality.
In the nineteenth century middle-class women were satisfied with their role of homemaker.
The social status of women in the US was higher than in Europe.
