Вопрос № 933092 - Английский язык

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             The Dichotomy of Inpatient and Outpatient Internal Medicine
1. The hospital environment has transformed dramatically over the past few decades. In more recent times, emergency departments and critical care units have evolved to identify and manage critically ill patients, allowing them to survive formerly fatal diseases. There is increasing pressure to reduce the length of stay in the hospital and to manage complex disorders in the outpatient setting. This transition has been driven not only by efforts to reduce costs but also by the availability of new outpatient technologies, such as imaging and percutaneous infusion catheters for long-term antibiotics or nutrition, and by evidence that outcomes are often improved by minimizing inpatient hospitalization.
2. Hospitals now consist of multiple distinct levels of care, such as the emergency department, procedure rooms, overnight observation units, critical care units, and palliative care units, in addition to traditional medical beds. Clearly, one of the important challenges in internal medicine is to maintain continuity, of care and information flow during these transitions, which threaten the traditional one-to-one relationship between patient and physician.
3. In the current environment, teams of physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals have often replaced the personal interaction between doctor and patient. The patient can benefit greatly from effective collaboration among a number of health care professionals; however, it is the duty of the primary physician to provide cohesive guidance through an illness. In order to meet this challenge, the primary physician must be familiar with the techniques, skills, and objectives of specialist physicians and allied health professionals.
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             The Dichotomy of Inpatient and Outpatient Internal Medicine
1. The hospital environment has transformed dramatically over the past few decades. In more recent times, emergency departments and critical care units have evolved to identify and manage critically ill patients, allowing them to survive formerly fatal diseases. There is increasing pressure to reduce the length of stay in the hospital and to manage complex disorders in the outpatient setting. This transition has been driven not only by efforts to reduce costs but also by the availability of new outpatient technologies, such as imaging and percutaneous infusion catheters for long-term antibiotics or nutrition, and by evidence that outcomes are often improved by minimizing inpatient hospitalization.
2. Hospitals now consist of multiple distinct levels of care, such as the emergency department, procedure rooms, overnight observation units, critical care units, and palliative care units, in addition to traditional medical beds. Clearly, one of the important challenges in internal medicine is to maintain continuity, of care and information flow during these transitions, which threaten the traditional one-to-one relationship between patient and physician.
3. In the current environment, teams of physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals have often replaced the personal interaction between doctor and patient. The patient can benefit greatly from effective collaboration among a number of health care professionals; however, it is the duty of the primary physician to provide cohesive guidance through an illness. In order to meet this challenge, the primary physician must be familiar with the techniques, skills, and objectives of specialist physicians and allied health professionals.
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The National Health Service
The National Health Service (NHS) is responsible for health care for everyone in the UK, although a small number choose to pay for private care. 1_______.
Primary care is provided by general practitioners, or GPs, (sometimes known as family doctors), nurses, dentists, pharmacists and opticians. GPs work in practices of 1 to 20. 2_______. They also provide health education in areas such as smoking and diet, run clinics, give vacations, for example for influenza, and may perform minor surgery such as removal of warts and moles. 3_______.
Patients are normally seen on an appointment basis. 4_______. Out-of-hours (OOH) treatment, from 6 pm to 8 am, is provided by the local Primary Care Trust, which organizes shifts of GPs and locum GPs to cover if someone is absent.

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There are almost 400 recognized and named mental disorders, including common ones such as depression, schizophrenia, hyperactivity, Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder. The origins of mental disorders can be biological (chemical or genetic) or psychological (trauma and conflict). The disorders themselves vary widely in kind and degree from individual to individual, and a disorder can be episodic with ‘flare-ups’ and periods of remission.
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The disorders themselves vary widely in kind and degree from individual to individual, and a disorder can …

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Infection diseases can be classified by their means of transmission or by the area of the body they attack. For example, tuberculosis is a respiratory disease and it is transmitted through airborne droplets spread by sneezing and spitting. Hepatitis is a gastrointestinal disease which is acquired through contaminated food and water. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease which travels to a new host via bodily fluids and it is possible to pick up meningitis, which is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, by touching a contaminated object such as a doorknob.
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Hepatitis is acquired through …

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To the ancient Egyptians, the heart was the centre of mental activity – the brain was unimportant. However, over the centuries the relationship between the brain and though, language, and the senses has been revealed. The human brain is built around nerve cells called neurons from which Neurology gets its name. There are billions of neurons and they are in constant communication with other nerve cells. The brain deals not only with reasoning and language but also with autonomic functions (such as sweating and breathing that are not under conscious control). It also processes emotions and generates hormones.
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There are billions of neurons and they are in constant communication with …