Вопрос № 403489 - Английский язык

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London Underground
The London Underground, known as the Tube, was the world’s FIRST electric underground railway. The City and south London Railway opened 26____ December 1890 and was the first to use the new technologies of deep tube tunneling and electric traction for power. Now, that’s almost 115 years ago! And if that’s not enough, for many years before that the London Underground worked on underground steam trains! Together, this 27___ the London Underground a fantastic example of brilliant Victorian engineering.
Of course, the technology was not nearly 28___ sophisticated ___ it is today. Hydraulic (water powered) lifts transported passengers from ground level to the platforms. Trains 29___ only three carriages and were attached to electric locomotives. The locomotives were powered by the 30____ power generating station in the country.
The first carriages were long and narrow with padded high-cushioned seats, and no windows! The designers thought that passengers wouldn’t have 31____ interesting to 32____ in the tunnel. That is why people started calling those carriages “padded cells”. On platforms, at the end of each carriage, there was a “gateman” to call out the names of the stations and to open doors 33_____ passengers. The trains could only carry 96 people.
Over time, more lines and trains were introduced 34____ the complicated tube network we know today. The London tube is not nearly as 35____visually as the Moscow one.

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London Underground
The London Underground, known as the Tube, was the world’s FIRST electric underground railway. The City and south London Railway opened 26____ December 1890 and was the first to use the new technologies of deep tube tunneling and electric traction for power. Now, that’s almost 115 years ago! And if that’s not enough, for many years before that the London Underground worked on underground steam trains! Together, this 27___ the London Underground a fantastic example of brilliant Victorian engineering.
Of course, the technology was not nearly 28___ sophisticated ___ it is today. Hydraulic (water powered) lifts transported passengers from ground level to the platforms. Trains 29___ only three carriages and were attached to electric locomotives. The locomotives were powered by the 30____ power generating station in the country.
The first carriages were long and narrow with padded high-cushioned seats, and no windows! The designers thought that passengers wouldn’t have 31____ interesting to 32____ in the tunnel. That is why people started calling those carriages “padded cells”. On platforms, at the end of each carriage, there was a “gateman” to call out the names of the stations and to open doors 33_____ passengers. The trains could only carry 96 people.
Over time, more lines and trains were introduced 34____ the complicated tube network we know today. The London tube is not nearly as 35____visually as the Moscow one.

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NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL
Notting Hill Carnival is held in London each August bank holiday, and is the largest and 26______ street event in Britain. The festival celebrates the 27______ of the British black community, who emigrated to Great Britain from the West Indies in the 1950s. They brought with 28______ the Caribbean idea of the carnival, with processions, colorful costumes, steel bands and street dancing. 29______ for the carnival begin many months beforehand. Costumes have to be made and float built, 30______ for the street procession. Steel bands practice traditional Caribbean music on instruments made from old oil drums. Shortly before 31______ festival, the streets are decorated with red, green and yellow streamers. The carnival lasts 32______ three days, and is full of music and colour. Processions of floats, steel and brass bands, and dancers in exotic costumes make their way through the narrow London streets, watched by thousands of people. The streets are lined with stalls 33______ tropical fruits, such as fresh pineapple, watermelons and mangoes. 34______ dances - black and white, young and old - and even the policemen on duty 35______ in the fun. For these three days in August, a little Caribbean magic touches the streets of London.

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Why laughter is the best medicine?
Laughter helps you fight 26 _____ and gets you fit. But how it works is still being puzzled out.
Doctors are starting to believe that laughter not only improves your state of mind, but actually affects your entire 27 _____ well-being. A French newspaper found that in 1930 the French laughed on average for 19 minutes per day. By 1980 this had 28 _____ to 6 minutes. Eighty per sent of the people questioned said they would like to laugh more.
William Fry – a psychiatrist from California – 29 _____ the effects of laughter on the body. He got patients to watch Laurel and Hardy films, and monitored their blood pressure, heart rate and muscle tone. He found that laughter has a 30 _____effect to physical exercise. It speeds up the heart rate, increases blood pressure and quickens breathing. Laughter can even  provide a kind of pain relief. Fry has proved that laughter produces endorphins – chemicals in the body that 31 _____ pain.
Researchers found that if they produced pain in the students, those who had listened to the humorous tape 32 _____ tolerate the discomfort for much 33_____.
Patch Adams is both a doctor and a performing clown in Virginia. “There’s evidence to suggest that laughter stimulates the immune system”, says Adams, “yet hospitals and clinics are well-known 34 _____ their atmosphere”. He usually puts on a red nose when 35 _____ patients.

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RENT APARTMENTS
Many people rent apartments as a matter of necessity rather than choice. This fact does not mean that rental housing has no advantages. In a number of respects, in fact, renters are in better position than home owners. People who rent houses or apartments are far 26 ____ mobile than home owners. If renters become dissatisfied with 27 ____ living quarters, they can simply give notice and move. If they 28 _____ a job opportunity that requires 29____, they do not have to worry 30 ____ selling a house first. Renters are not usually responsible for handling maintenance problems in their own units. Such problems can consume large 31 ____ of time and money. 32____ the roof leaks or the sink stops up, the renter simply reports the problem. The landlord must get the necessary repair 33 ____ . Renters spend less on housing than 34 ____ owners. When they move into an apartment, renters must pay a variety of extra charges*. These include security deposits**, cleaning fees, and perhaps even both first and last months’ rent. The total amount, however, in no way approaches the regular payments on a house. In addition, renters do not have a huge thirty-year mortgage debt*** hanging over their heads, trying up their future income. 35____ can thus put their money into other, more flexible investments.
*     extra charges               -  дополнительные расходы
**   security deposits          - депонирование ценных бумаг
*** a huge mortgage debt  - огромный долг по ипотечному залогу (ипотечная задолженность)

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COOPERATIVE APARTMENT AND CONDOMINIUM:
WHICH IS BETTER?
Some people wish to own their apartments. They have a choice 26 ___ a cooperative apartment ___ a condominium. 27 ___ two terms have nothing to do with the size, shape, or location of the units. They relate only to the form 28 ___ ownership. A cooperative apartment (co-op) 29 ___ not technically ___ by a tenant. Rather it is owned and managed by a cooperative organization, which consists of all the building residents. 30___ who wishes to live in one of the apartments joins the co-op. by purchasing shares* in the organization. He or she then receives 31 ___ rights to a specific unit. These rights, however, do not amount to outright ownership**. The co-op member, for example, cannot 32 ___ the unit. Instead, when ready to move, the member sells his or her shares back to the co-op. 33 ___ of the cooperative apartments make monthly payments to the organization. A condominium is similar to a co-op, but the occupant does own his or her unit outright. This fact means that the person can sell or otherwise dispose of the 34 ___ as he or she wishes. The condominium owner is also responsible for making his or her own payments. The management fee is paid 35 ___. It supports the maintenance of building facilities owned in common with other tenants. Examples include hallways, elevators, tennis courts, and other recreational facilities.
*   purchase a share – выкупить долю (пай)
** outright ownership –полная собственность