Вопрос № 1072604 - Английский язык

_____ pressure is called the force per unit area exerted by an atmospheric column.

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A delicate heart operation was performed in a hermetically sealed high-pressure chamber at the Moscow Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery.
The operated man was 48-years old. He had been hardly able to move because he was suffering from a serious congenital valve defect.
Now this operation is considered not a very complex one. But in this patient there was a serious risk of blood clotting in the brain.
The risk became quite insignificant when the operation was performed in the high-pressure chamber. At normal air pressure the amount of oxygen in a patient’s blood remains unchanged even if he breathes in pure oxygen. In a pressure chamber the oxygen amount in the blood increases considerably. In a pressure chamber the surgeon is able to operate with greater freedom on vital organs such as the brain, heart or blood vessels.
But it is very hard to work under high pressure. When operations are performed at seven or eight atmosphere pressures, the operation can only last two and a half hours. The personnel in the chamber have to be changed.
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In a pressure chamber the oxygen amount _______.

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Isotopes are different forms of the same element. They have identical chemical properties and occupy the same place in the periodic table. The word “ isotope” means “same place”. It is their physical properties that differ, because their atoms (tiny particles) have different masses. Each “isotopic form” has a different number of neutrons, in the nucleus of its atoms, which gives it a different mass. Hydrogen gas, for example, can exist naturally in three isotopic forms: common hydrogen, heavy hydrogen, and radioactive hydrogen.
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Many people 1_______ Benjamin Franklin as a writer, statesman, and patriot who did much to establish the United States of America. Franklin, however, was also a 2_______ scientist who carried out important experiments in electricity, and the inventor of the lightning rod and a stove that is still in use today. He also 3_______ the use of the electrical terms “positive” and “negative”. In his 4_______ experiment, Franklin showed that lightning was the same form of energy as static electricity. He did this by flying a kite in a thunderstorm. He put his finger near a key attached to the metal kite string, and a spark jumped between them.

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A molecule is a group of atoms joined together by chemical bonds. The molecules of an 1_______ are identical and contain atoms of one type only. Oxygen gas, for example, has 2_______ made up of two oxygen atoms. The molecules of a compound are also 3_______, but in this case each molecule 4_______ atoms of more than one type. In water, for example, each molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. All gases, most liquids, and many nonmetallic solids consist of molecules.

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The English physicist Joseph Thomson made a major breakthrough in scientific understanding of the structure of the atom, proposing a model that became known as the Thomson atom. His work 1_______ practical proof on many of the new theories that were being put forward about 2________ structure. Several years later, in 1906, he received a Nobel Prize for physics for his research into the electrical conductivity of gases. Thomson was a 3_______ teacher and an outstanding scientist. Seven of his students and 4_______ also received Nobel Prize for their work.