Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения. Computers originally beg...: ответ на тест 1072533 - Английский язык

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Computers originally began as calculators. The first calculator was made by Blaise Pascal. It only had eight buttons, and it could only do addition and subtraction. There was a set of wheels, and all of the wheels had the numbers zero through nine on them. The wheels were connected by gears and each turn of one wheel would turn the next wheel one-tenth of a turn. This machine was completed in 1642 when Blaise was twenty-one years old.

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Moscow, 2nd June, 2001
1____________,
Special Cluster Drilling Machine. Order No. 19086
We 2_____________ you that our Clients have experienced serious trouble with the above machine.
After a short period of operation the teeth of two bevel gears and one wheel were crushed and the second wheel was broken. We enclose 4 photos illustrating these defects.
As the machine was brought to a standstill due to this damage, our Clients were compelled to manufacture 3____________ in order to prevent delay in production.
We enclose a statement showing the expenses incurred by our Clients in manufacturing one bevel gear with shaft, another bevel gear and two wheels as well as the cost of dismantling the machine, assembling and fitting the new parts. The expenses of our Clients amount to Ј 10,000 and we shall be glad to receive your remittance of this amount in due course.
4______________,
Mr Pirogov
Enclosure.

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Jack London was born in 1876 in San Francisco. 1_______. His father was a farmer. The family was extremely poor and the boy had to earn his living after school. 2_______.
Later he became a sailor; during some time he wandered with the unemployed.
For a year he attended the Oakland High school and spent a semester at the University of California, but as he had no money he had to stop his studies and went to work again. This time it was a laundry. In 1897 he went to the Klondike as a gold miner. His first short story was published in 1898. 3_______.
During the sixteen years of his literary career Jack London published about fifty books: short stories, novels and essays. In his best stories London described the severe life and struggle of people against nature.
4_______.

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Almost in every culture in the world there is a celebration of thanks for rich harvest. 1_______.
In 1620, a religious community sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World. They settled in what is now known as the state of Massachusettes. 2_______. They arrived too late to grow a rich harvest. Moreover, half the colony died from disease. The following spring the Iroquois Indians taught them how to grow corn. Indians showed them also how to grow other crops and how to hunt and fish.
In the autumn of 1621 they got a beautiful harvest of corn, barley, beans and pumpkins. 3_______.
In following years many of the colonists celebrated the harvest with a feast of thanks. After the United States gained independence, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole country. 4_______. Then, after the Civil war, Abraham Lincoln suggested the last Thursday in November to be the day of thanksgiving.

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There were many outstanding events in the history of Great Britain. 1_______. England was added to the Roman Empire in 43 A.D. Roman invasion played a very important role in the history of the country. The Romans built the first roads in the country, dug the first walls. 2_______.
But the Normans influenced the British civilization most of all. They came in 1066 under the leadership of William the Conqueror.3_______.
Once the British had to face the French in 1805 at the battle of Trafalgar. 4_______. In order to commemorate this event the monument to Admiral Nelson was erected on this square.

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In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.
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One of the most basic and powerful signals is …