Вопрос № 1078012 - Английский язык

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Remote Control
1. The earliest example of remote control by radio waves was developed in 1898 by Nikola Tesla and described in his patent, named Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles. In 1898, he demonstrated a radio-controlled boat to the public during an electrical exhibition. Tesla called his boat a «teleautomaton».
2. The first machines to be operated by remote control were used mainly for military purposes. Radio-controlled motor-boats, developed by the German navy, were used to ram enemy ships in WW I. Radio controlled bombs and other remote control weapons were used in WW II. Once the wars were over, the United States scientists experimented to find nonmilitary uses for the remote control. In the late 1940s automatic garage door openers were invented, and in the 1950s the first TV remote controls were used.
3. The first TV remote control, called «Lazy Bones», was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). «Lazy Bones» used a cable that ran from the TV set to the viewer. A motor in the TV set operated the tuner through the remote control. Although customers liked having remote control of their television, they complained that people tripped over the unsightly cable that meandered across the living room floor. Manufacturers used to only make remote controls that operated one TV set. However, they are now making universal remote controls that can operate any TV set. Experts predict that someday remote controls will control almost every device in the home.
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Remote Control
1. The earliest example of remote control by radio waves was developed in 1898 by Nikola Tesla and described in his patent, named Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles. In 1898, he demonstrated a radio-controlled boat to the public during an electrical exhibition. Tesla called his boat a «teleautomaton».
2. The first machines to be operated by remote control were used mainly for military purposes. Radio-controlled motor-boats, developed by the German navy, were used to ram enemy ships in WW I. Radio controlled bombs and other remote control weapons were used in WW II. Once the wars were over, the United States scientists experimented to find nonmilitary uses for the remote control. In the late 1940s automatic garage door openers were invented, and in the 1950s the first TV remote controls were used.
3. The first TV remote control, called «Lazy Bones», was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). «Lazy Bones» used a cable that ran from the TV set to the viewer. A motor in the TV set operated the tuner through the remote control. Although customers liked having remote control of their television, they complained that people tripped over the unsightly cable that meandered across the living room floor. Manufacturers used to only make remote controls that operated one TV set. However, they are now making universal remote controls that can operate any TV set. Experts predict that someday remote controls will control almost every device in the home.
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What is the main feature of modern remote controls?

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The invention of nylon
1. In 1928 a team of researchers, led by organic chemist Wallace H. Carothers of the United States and sponsored by the chemical firm, set out to discover what sorts of materials they could produce from varying combinations of long-chain molecules. In a pioneering process called polymerization they combined atoms into long molecules that varied in the types of atoms used and the ways they were joined, producing an assortment of unique materials.
2. Then one day in 1930 they discovered an unusual property of one of their molten substances: it would stick to a glass rod and form a fine strand. As soon as the strand met the cold air, it solidified and formed a long continuous fiber that was both flexible and strong. If the fiber was then stretched to four or five times its original length, its properties changed further: it strengthened still more and at the same time became lustrous. Its structure was such that it could be spun into a fiber resembling silk, but it had high strength and elasticity and exceptional resistance to abrasion, rot, mildew, and chemicals.
3. For eight years chemists, physicists, engineers, and textile experts labored to develop this oddity into a usable fiber that could be manufactured on a large scale. In 1938 they announced their success. This synthetic textile fiber was to be called nylon.
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Distance Education
1. Distance education programs are more popular than ever. College and high school students now have hundreds of legitimate distance education schools to choose from. Distance education is any type of schooling that takes place away from a physical campus.
2. There are two types of programs offered by distance education schools: synchronous learning programs and asynchronous learning programs. With synchronous learning, distance education students must log on to the school’s website at a set time. Often, they interact with their peers and professors via group chats, web seminars, video conferencing, and phone call-ins. With asynchronous learning, distance education students complete all coursework on their own time. They often learn via assignment sheets, message boards, email, pre-recorded video lectures, mp3s, and traditional mail correspondence.
3. Many students find that distance education courses give them the freedom to complete a degree while meeting their personal and professional obligations. Motivated learners are often able to complete distance education degrees in a fraction of the time often required. Distance education courses also allow students to network with participants from all over the nation.
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Emotions
1. Emotions exert an incredibly powerful force on human behavior. Strong emotions can cause you to take actions you might not normally perform, or avoid situations that you generally enjoy.
2. In psychology, emotion is often defined as a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behavior. Emotionality is associated with a range of psychological phenomena including temperament, personality, mood and motivation. According to author David G. Meyers, human emotion involves «…physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience».
3. The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion. Independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, you see an external stimulus that leads to a physiological reaction. Your emotional reaction is dependent upon how you interpret those physical reactions.
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The Purpose of Emotions
1. Our emotions are composed of a subjective component (how we experience the emotion), a physiological component (how our bodies react to the emotion), and an expressive component (how we behave in response to the emotion). These different elements can play a role in the function and purpose of our emotional responses.
Our emotions can be short-lived, such as a flash of annoyance at a co-worker, or long-lasting, such as enduring sadness over the loss of a relationship.
2. Emotions can help us make decisions. Researchers have also found that people with certain types of brain damage that impairs their ability to experience emotions also have a decreased ability to make good decisions. Even in situations where we believe our decisions are guided purely by logic and rationality, emotions play a key role. Emotional intelligence, or our ability to understand and manage emotions, has been shown to play an important role in decision-making.
3. Emotions allow other people to understand us. When we interact with other people, it is important to give cues to help them understand how we are feeling. These cues might involve emotional expression through body language, such as various facial expressions connected with the particular emotions we are experiencing. In other cases, it might involve directly stating how we are feeling.
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