Вопрос № 223884 - Английский язык

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In the past, technical drawings for industry and architecture were drawn by hand. 1_______. These hand-drawn diagrams provided clear information but were slow and expensive to make.
2_______. Computers can also:
1 save, change, and recycle the drawings
2 make 3D images
3 3__________
4 keep an electronic library of standard parts
5 make symmetrical images of components
6 make accurate and consistent drawings
A good way to explain the advantages is to think about architectural drawing.
4_______. Images of the rooms are created in 3D so the viewer can ‘walk’ through the rooms. Designers can also experiment with different arrangements of furniture and colours.

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First of all, the value of true architecture lies in the direct effect of the structure itself. It depends on many reasons. One of them is a drawing. Drawings are works of architecture. An architect uses drawings to achieve his objective. In fact, drawings can represent buildings only on paper. It is called “paper architecture”. We mean the result of architect’s thinking of drawings. But, there is a danger of “paper architecture”. The architect mustn’t forget that many elements which look well on a drawing may be either completely ineffective or definitely harmful in the actual building.

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Smart – or shape memory – materials are an invention that has changed the world of engineering.1___________. The metal alloys were made first and they are usually an expensive mixture of titanium and nickel.
2_______:
- plastics that return to their original shape when the temperature changes.
One use is in surgery where plastic threads ‘remember’ the shape of a knot, react to the patient’s body temperature and make themselves into stitches.
- 3____________. They are used in medical implants that are compressed so they can be put inside the patient’s body through a small cut. The implant then expands back to its original shape.
- 4___________.

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The Great Wall of China was built across northern China to protect the population. Before the third century BC there were lots of smaller walls and these were joined together to make one long. 1_______. The wall is over 2000 km long, 3.5m high, and 4.5m wide at the top.2___________.
The Egyptian pyramids are famous symbol of ancient Egypt.
3___________. The pyramids have square bases with sloping sides which meet at an apex. 4___________. One of the biggest pyramids is made of enormous stone blocks which weigh up to 200 tonnes each. It is estimated that 20-25,000 people worked for 20 years to build each pyramid.

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Engineering is everywhere. 1___________. For example, if a manufacturer wants a faster car, a smaller personal stereo, or a better pen, they will ask a design engineer to find a practical solution.
Engineering is both theoretical and practical. 2___________. The design solution must be a reasonable price, safe, and reliable. A new idea that is expensive, dangerous, or doesn’t always work is not a good solution.
Engineers use a method. 3___________. Engineers:
1. define the problem,
2. design a solution,
3. rest the solution,
4. evaluate the solution.
4____________. When a good solution is found, the next step is to:
     5. communicate the solution.

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1_______. The one thing they have in common is that they all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing.
The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas:
- civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
- 2_______
- electrical engineering (electricity, lighting, etc.)
Each of these three main area can be divided into specialist subjects.
Civil engineering covers mining and bridge building, mechanical engineering covers aeronautical and automobile engineering, electrical engineering covers electricity generation and wiring.
Clearly there is a big difference between building a road and designing a computer system so the best advice for students is:
think carefully about which area of engineering interests you most. It is difficult to study if you are not interested – and you may do the job until you are 60 years old.
think about what sort of person you are. Will you be happiest working in an office, in a factory, or alone?
3_______ Do you want to work with other people or alone? 4_______.
When you have decided which area you are interested in and thought realistically about what sort of person you are, then you can decide what sort of engineer you want to be.