Вопрос № 1072130 - Английский язык

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Anemia signifies a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells. It may be due to blood loss (open or hidden bleeding) or increased blood destruction (in the spleen), to faulty nutrition (e.g. lack of iron in the diet), poisons that depress the activity of the bone marrow, or other causes. Bone marrow, which makes blood, may be injured by heavy metal poisoning and some drugs, overdoses of X-ray, and tumors.

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Polycythemia means an increase in the number of circulating red blood cells or in the iron content of these cells. Sometimes this is a compensation for high altitudes or other conditions that decrease the normal oxygen supply. True polycythemia, however, is the result of abnormal production of red blood cells by the bone marrow. In this condition the blood often becomes heavier and stickier than normal, flows more slowly, clots too readily. The patient’s face looks constantly flushed and slightly blue. Treatment includes irradiation of the bone marrow, bleeding, and the use of some drugs.

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Hemophilia is bleeder’s disease. This is a peculiar hereditary disease affecting males only but transmitted to them through their mothers as a sex-linked characteristic. The bleeder’s blood lacks elements necessary for normal clotting; hence slight cuts or even a tooth extraction may result in excessive blood loss. Several royal families have been subject to hemophilia for many generations.

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1_______. It can affect a small portion of the head, such as the eyes or temples, or it can affect the entire head. 2_______. Tension headaches tend to feel like a tightening around the head. Migraine headaches are usually intense and throbbing, often involving one side of the head, although they can affect the entire head. 3_______. There is some thought that an imbalance in the nervous system, especially in the trigeminal nerve, may trigger dilation and inflammation of blood vessels in the head. 4_______.

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1_______. Though tonsillitis used to be treated with tonsillectomy frequently, it is no longer the practice and is now only done in specific instances. 2_______. Tonsil removal is indicated in cases of extreme obstruction of the airways or swallowing. 3_______. Less absolute indications for tonsillectomy include: recurrent acute throat infections, chronic tonsillitis that does not improve with antibiotics, obstruction leading to bad breath or changes in voice. 4_______.

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1_______. Some people find that wearing contact lenses is better for their lifestyles, while others find them cumbersome and enjoy the ease of wearing eyeglasses. 2_______. Soft contact lenses are extremely thin and comfortable to wear. 3_______. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses are made of hard plastic that gives crisp, clear vision and corrects most vision problems. 4_______.