Вопрос № 782659 - Английский язык

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We know that an atom is made from protons and neutrons in a nucleus, and electrons spinning around this nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge and the electrons have a negative electric charge. The neutrons have no electric charge. As the electrons spin around the nucleus, they produce small currents. These currents create a magnetic field around the electrons and the atom. This magnetic field makes the atom behave like a small magnet.

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A basic law of electricity states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Electrons emitted from the cathode of an electron tube are negative electric charges. These charges may be either attracted to or repelled from the plate of a diode tube, depending on whether the plate is positively or negatively charged.

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The energy contained in atoms and molecules makes them vibrate and this vibration produces heat. Matter expands with heat. In an iceberg (solid matter), for example, the molecules absorb radiant energy from the sun and vibrate even more. Their temperature increases, they expand and form water (liquid matter). The molecules in the water vibrate until they evaporate and go up in the air (gaseous matter). When the temperature decreases, their vibration slows down and they condense into drops that fall as rain. Water is a liquid composed of two gases: oxygen and hydrogen.

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In a star there are two main forces: expansion and gravity. In a blue star, when the force of gravity is stronger than the force of expansion the star collapses at its centre. The, the pull of gravity from the centre of the star is so strong that it even swallows the light! This makes the star invisible: a black hole. Around each black hole there is an area called event horizon which emits radiation. There is a black hole at the centre of our galaxy.

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It is the largest island and the smallest continent in the world. Its area is about eight million square kilometers. The middle of the continent is a vast desert. The population is mostly concentrated along the coasts and in the south-east of the country. Warm seas surround the country, and sharks often come close to its coasts. When we have winter, it is summer in that country, because it is situated in the Southern Hemisphere.

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It is the political centre of London now. In the 1st century King Edward the Confessor decided to build a great abbey church there. Many royal tombs and memorials to famous men and women are situated there. The most popular is the Poet’s Corner. The parliament met here since the 16th century. The present Houses of Parliament were built there after the fire in 1834. St.Stephen’s Tower of the Houses of Parliament contains the famous Big Ben.