Вопрос № 223116 - Английский язык

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When high-speed 1__________________ suddenly strike a metallic 2_______________ they give up their kinetic 3_________________ to the electrons and atoms which they strike. Some of the bombarding electrons collide directly with free electrons on the metal surface and may knock them out from the surface. The electrons 4_________________ in this way are known as secondary emission electrons, since the primary electrons from some other source must be available to bombard the secondary electron-emitting surface.

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Thermionic emission is the most important and one most commonly used in electron 1_______________. In this 2________________ the metal is heated, resulting in increased thermal or kinetic 3________________ of the unbound electrons. Thus, a greater number of electrons will attain sufficient speed and energy to escape from the surface of the emitter. The number of electrons released per unit area of an emitting surface is related to the absolute 4_________________ of the cathode and a quantity of the work an electron must perform when escaping from the emitting surface.

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We are finally ready to apply the knowledge we gained in previous sections about electrons, vacuum 1_________________ and transistors to some practical matters. In the following sections we shall consider a variety of circuits employing electron tubes and transistors. Circuits are 2_________________ of tubes or transistors with other components, such as resistors, capacitors and inductors, and form the 3________________ building blocks of electronic systems: radio, automatic computer and so on. To understand the systems, you must be familiar with the circuits that 4_______________ them up.

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Now we shall discuss amplifier 1________________, or more specifically, audio amplifiers. An amplifier is an electron tube or transistor circuit, which 2_________________ up an ac signal applied to its input. It is called a voltage amplifier if the magnitude of the output 3__________________ from the amplifier is considerably greater than that of the input voltage. As a matter of fact the ratio of the output voltage to the 4__________________ voltage is called the amplification or gain of the amplifier.

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There are 1_______________ power amplifiers. These are similar to voltage amplifiers, except that their main 2__________________ is to supply a considerable amount of 3________________ i. e. voltage times current to the output or load 4________________, although the ac input signal may not draw any grid current and, hence, the input power may be zero.

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When a number of 1_______________ are hooked up in series so that the output of one serves as the input to the next amplifier stage, the function of the early stages is usually to 2______________ up the voltage to a high 3_______________, while the last stage builds up the power to a level sufficient to operate an output device. Audio amplifiers amplify electrical ac signals that have a frequency range corresponding to the range of human hearing, or from about 20 to 15,000 cycles per 4________________.