Вопрос № 857096 - Английский язык

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Materials having a very high resistance are called insulators. Current passes through insulators with great difficulty.
The most common insulators are air, paper, rubber, plastics.
Any insulator can conduct current when a high enough voltage is applied to it. Currents of great value must be applied to insulators in order to make them conduct. The higher the resistance of an insulator, the greater the applied voltage must be.
When an insulator is connected to a voltage source, it stores electric charge and a potential is produced on the insulator. Thus, insulators have the two main functions:
1. to isolate conducting wires and thus to prevent a short between them and
2. to store electric charge when a voltage source is applied.

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According to their resistivity, conductors are divided into two groups; the first includes materials with low resistivity: copper, aluminium and others. These metals are used to produce wire conductors due to their high mechanical strength. The second group includes materials with high resistivity: one of these is nichrome. Due to its good heat resistance, nichrome is used to produce heaters. Carbon is commonly used to produce electrodes and brushes for electric machines.
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Nichrome is used to produce …

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More and more companies are turning to automation as a means of production. Used as a way of increasing production many factories have found considerable improvement in their output. Computers or robots do not require holidays, bigger offices, sick pay, pensions, and most importantly, they do not go on strike. Nowadays, a spacious factory needs to employ a total of five staff, one of whom is an engineer, who ensures that the machines operate properly. The owner of a small factory explained that the occurrence of strikes in the past led him to the decision to switch to automatic production. At the height of the industrial disputes with his staff, his company faced closure and he has never regretted dealing with machines instead of people as at least he is still in business.

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The inside of the Earth is very, very hot. Because it is very hot, the rock has melted like ice. It has become liquid, like water. It is always boiling, like water in a kettle. If you have seen the kettle boiling you know that the steam and boiling water try to get out. The very hot melted rock inside the earth also tries to get out. Usually it cannot because the outside of the earth is too thick and strong. But in some places the outside of the earth is thin and weak. Sometimes a crack appears. The hot melted rock pushes up through the crack and bursts through. Steam and gas shoot up into the air and the hot melted lava pours out. Big pieces of rock may be thrown high into the air. After a while the volcano becomes quiet again. The melted lava becomes hard again. Later the same thing happens again and again.

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The 1________ Earth is not quite a sphere, but is slightly flattened. It rates around its 2_______ ones a day and around the Sun once a year.
The Earth is 3_______ by its atmosphere. It provides us with oxygen and water, protects us from harmful effects of radiation from the Sun.
The blue 4_______ of the Earth’s sky is the result of the scattering of the shorter or blue wave-spectre of light coming from the Sun by particles in the upper atmosphere, such as gas molecules and dust.

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Electric power is generated at power plants and it must be transmitted to other parts of the country. How is 1_______ transmitted to those parts? Thick 2_______ carry electric power over long distances. The wires are not always made of copper, often they are made of other 3_______.
A number of wires put together form one thick 4_______. A cable consists of a number of wires put together and a pair consists of two insulated conductors forming a metallic circuit. Thus the basic transmission element of communications is a long transmission line, and a cable is the main part of this long transmission line.