Вопрос № 223780 - Английский язык

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The age of space exploration began in 1957, when Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union. The first successful manned flight took place in 1961, when Yuri Gagarin was shot into space. This triggered the ‘space race’ between the USA and the USSR, culminating in the moon landing in 1969. After this, there was something of an anticlimax and the number of manned missions dropped off, largely due to the end of the space race. Nevertheless, space probes like Pioneer and Voyager continued to be sent out in order to explore the neighboring planets such as Mars and Venus. The American shuttle and the Russian Mir Space Station were also ground-breaking, as they developed the practicalities of the space travel.

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How many times did Gagarin orbit the Earth?
A Russian cosmonaut (astronaut) named Yuri Gagarin, who graduated from the Air Force school at Orenburg in 1957, made the first manned spaceflight. He was launched into space aboard the spacecraft Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961. He orbited the Earth once in one hour and 29 minutes reaching a maximum altitude of 187 miles (301 kilometres). The ship landed the same day at 10:55 a.m. It was Gagarin’s only space flight.

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Traffic means everything and everybody is using the roads. Trams and buses taking people to school or to work are traffic. Cars and motorcycles are traffic. People riding bicycles on the roads are traffic. You are a part of the traffic when you walk along the pavement or across the road. Today more people live in cities. As a result, there is a great deal of traffic and many of the roads are too narrow. That is why there are a great many accidents. In cities all over the world thousands of people die or are hurt in traffic accidents. Some people say we must improve our roads. We do it by making them wider and straighter. Accidents often happen on narrow roads or on corners. Drivers cannot see around corners. They cannot see traffic coming towards them. When roads are improved, corners are changed. That is a very good idea to improve the roads.

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Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the 19th century was The Crystal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth’s steam hammer. Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to The Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and by profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, The Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.

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London transport is the largest urban transport organisation in Europe, covering an operating area of over 630 square miles. Each working day, about 2.8 passenger journeys are made on 470 underground trains, which run along 250 miles of route. In addition nearly 4 million passenger trips are made on buses. 100 routes are operated by independent companies under control. 85% of London commuters use public transport.
The London Transport Museum is a unique collection. Frequent special exhibitions focus on particular aspects of transport in London.

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Have you ever visited an airport? It is often a very exciting place. If you are near an airport, why not go inside? You do not have to be a passenger to go inside it. Sometimes you may have to pay to enter an airport but is always a small amount.
An airport is usually full of people. Some of them will be passengers. Some have just arrived by plane and they are now waiting for transport to take them home. Others are waiting to go on planes that will take them to another city or another country. They are buying something or talking to their friends. Above the airport the planes may be circling in the air. They are waiting their turn to land. There must be someone to control all these places. If you look around the airport you will see the control tower where the men who control the planes work. If they make a mistake people may be killed.