Прочитайте текст. The transistor is considered by many to be the greatest invention of the twentieth...: ответ на тест 1072157 - Английский язык

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The transistor is considered by many to be the greatest invention of the twentieth-century, or as one of the greatest. It is the key active component in practically all modern electronics. The importance of the transistor in today’s society rests on its ability to be mass produced using a highly automated process that achieves astonishingly low costs.
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A bipolar junction transistor, or ВJT, was the first transistor invented, and through the 1970s, was the most commonly used transistor. Even after MOSFETs became available, BJT remained the transistor of choice for many analog circuits such as simple amplifiers because of their greater linearity and ease of manufacture. Desirable properties of MOSFETs, such as their utility in low-power devices allowed them to capture nearly all market shares for digital circuits.
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Although several companies each produce over a billion individually-packaged (known as discrete) transistors every year, a great number of transistors produced are in integrated circuits (often shortened to IС, microchips or simply chips) to produce complete electronic circuits. A logic gate consists of about twenty transistors whereas an advanced microprocessor, as of 2006, can use as many as 1.7 billion transistors.
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The transistor low cost, flexibility and reliability all these factors combined have made it a ubiquitous device. Transistorized mechatronic circuits have replaced electromechanical devices in controlling appliances and machinery. It is often easier and cheaper to use a standard microcontroller and write a computer programme to carry out a control function than to design an equivalent mechanical control function.
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The two types of transistors (a bipolar transistor and a field-effect transistor) have slight differences in how they are used in the circuit. A bipolar transistor has terminals (labelled bases), a collector and an emitter. A small current at base terminal can control or switch a much larger current between the collector and emitter terminals. For a field-effect transistor, the terminals are labelled gates, sources, and drains, and the voltage at the gate can control the current between the source and the drain.
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From mobile phones to televisions, a great number of products include amplifiers for sound reproduction, radio transmission, and signal processing. The first discrete transistor audio amplifiers barely supplied a few hundred milliwatts, but power and audio fidelity gradually increased as better transistors became available and amplifier architecture evolved.
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