Прочитайте текст и определите какой из заголовков соответствует тексту Conductors are materials that...: ответ на тест 284151 - Английский язык

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Conductors are materials that have a large number of loosely bound valence-ring electrons; these electrons are easily knocked out of their orbit and are then referred to as free electrons. Insulators are materials in which the valence-ring electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus. In between the limits of these two major categories is a third general class of materials called semiconductors.

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Conductors are materials that have a large number of loosely bound valence-ring electrons; these electrons are easily knocked out of their orbit and are then referred to as free electrons. Insulators are materials in which the valence-ring electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus. In between the limits of these two major categories is a third general class of materials called semiconductors.

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A basic law of electricity states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Electrons emitted from the cathode of an electron tube are negative electric charges. These charges may be either attracted to or repelled from the plate of a diode tube, depending on whether the plate is positively or negatively charged.

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By applying a potential difference (voltage) from a battery or other source between the plate and cathode of a diode, an electric field is established within the tube. The lines of force of this field always extend from the negatively charged element to the positively charged element. Electrons, being negative electric charges, follow the direction of the lines of force in an electric field.

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The control grid was added between the cathode and plate of a diode and so it provided the resulting triode tube with the ability to amplify tiny signals. The control grid in this tube is a circular spiral of a number of turns of fine wire that completely surround the cathode. Because of its open construction the grid does not directly hinder the flow of electrons to the plate, but when a voltage is placed on the grid it has a profound effect on the electric field between cathode and plate and, hence, on the total electron flow.

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Plate current is the flow of electrons from cathode to the plate and their return to the cathode through the external circuit. Plate current flows in a diode when the plate is made positive with respect to the cathode. No current flows when the plate is negative with respect to the cathode. This is called unidirectional conduction.