Вопрос № 800741 - Английский язык

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During the Middle Ages, charging any interest on loans was illegal; today it is legal and borrowing is considered beneficial to growth and productivity in our society. As a consequence, the debtor/creditor relationship is encouraged and protected by our laws. This protection extends not only to creditors, by making them more secure in the lending of resources, but to debtors, by making the system fairer and by providing bankruptcy as a last resort.

Laws protect, provide control, and define the rights and obligations and set principles of lawful behavior.
Laws include certain rules and regulations, statutes, procedures and orders so that any activity is governed by appropriate legislation. The areas of law practice in which lawyers specialize are numerous; some are included into large bodies of laws, such as Civil Law, Tort Law or Criminal Law. Some refer to definite spheres of economy, business, human relations etc.
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What do laws include?

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A consumer loan arises when a person borrows money primarily for personal, family, household, or agricultural purposes. It is often called a personal loan to distinguish it from a business or commercial loan.
The creditor must make a full report of interest and finance charges. The finance charge is the total added cost when one pays in installments for goods or services. The creditor must also declare the true equivalent annual interest rate.

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A credit rating is an evaluation of one’s ability to pay debts. If credit is denied because of information in a credit report, the company denying credit must tell the applicant. The applicant may then demand that the reporting agency disclose the general nature of the contents of its file (except medical information) and the names of parties who were given this information. Names of those who provided the information need not be disclosed, however. If there is any error, the credit reporting agency must correct the record.

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1____________________. Punishment is any fine, confinement in jail or prison. 2____________________. The purpose of punishment is not to remedy the wrong but rather to discipline the wrongdoer. 3______________________. The fact that many «career criminals» are arrested repeatedly indicates that the penal system is far from perfect.
4____________________.

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1_____________________. Probation is a type of punishment, which allows the convicted person to avoid confinement and to remain at liberty for a prescribed time under the supervision of a probation officer. 2______________________. Specific conditions are usually attached to the probation. 3______________________. 4_______________________.