Вопрос № 223308 - Английский язык

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A delicate heart operation was performed in a hermetically sealed high-pressure chamber at the Moscow Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery.
The operated man was 48-years old. He had been hardly able to move because he was suffering from a serious congenital valve defect.
Now this operation is considered not a very complex one. But in this patient there was a serious risk of blood clotting in the brain.
The risk became quite insignificant when the operation was performed in the high-pressure chamber. At normal air pressure the amount of oxygen in a patient’s blood remains unchanged even if he breathes in pure oxygen. In a pressure chamber the oxygen amount in the blood increases considerably. In a pressure chamber the surgeon is able to operate with greater freedom on vital organs such as the brain, heart or blood vessels.
But it is very hard to work under high pressure. When operations are performed at seven or eight atmosphere pressures, the operation can only last two and a half hours. The personnel in the chamber have to be changed.
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In a pressure chamber the oxygen amount _______.

Дополните диалог:
Doctor: Hello, what’s the matter?
Patient: Good morning. I have a 1_______ in my lower back.
Doctor: How long has your back been bothering you?
Patient: For about the last two weeks.
Doctor: Do you have any history of 2_______?
Patient: No, this is the first time.
Doctor: Are you 3_______ at the moment?
Patient: No, just an aspirin from time to time to 4_______.
Doctor: OK. Let’s have a look at your back. Please take off your shirt …

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Two American biochemists, Stanley H. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer, inaugurated the science of genetic engineering – and its associated field of biotechnology – in 1973. They showed that it was possible to break down DNA into fragments and combine them into new genes, which could in turn be placed in living cells. There they would reproduce each time a cell divided into two parts.

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When Dr. Ian Wilmut introduced the world to the first successful clone of an adult mammal – a seven-month old Finn-Dorset lamb named Dolly – a new frontier in science opened wide.
In 1996, Dolly became the first large animal to be cloned from genetic material extracted from an adult cell.
Scientists inserted a cell from a ewe’s udder into an egg from the same animal after removing the egg’s DNA. The bioengineered embryo was implanted in the ewe’s womb and Dolly developed as a clone. Her birth at the Roslin Institute in Scotland was announced in 1997 and caused an international sensation.

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In some cases it is important for the surgeon to know whether an injured bone has “died” from loss of blood supply.
Few years ago it was necessary to wait several months, and sometimes even a year, for the accurate diagnosis that made treatment possible. Now surgeons have discovered how to find in a few minutes whether the bone has “died”. It is done by using a radioisotope – Sodium 24. When this isotope is pumped into the injured bone, it keeps its radio-activity if the bone is “dead”. But if the bone is still living, the blood carries away the radioisotope within ten minutes.
By measuring the amount of radio-activity left in the bone, the surgeon gets the information about the condition of the injured bone.

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A few years ago a 19-month-old girl was taken to Hammersmith Hospital in London.
She was semiconscious. The doctors examined her carefully and could not find out what was wrong with her.
Soon she became much worse and the doctors thought she would die.
Then one of the nurses who was looking after the little girl suggested to the doctors that she might have thallium poisoning. She told them that she had just read a detective story by Agatha Christie called ‘A Pale Horse’. In this story there was a description of a person who was dying of thallium poisoning. The nurse told the doctors that the way that the girl was behaving was very like the way that the poisoned person in the detective story behaved. She showed the same symptoms as the little girl.
The doctors sent some of the little girl’s blood to the laboratory and asked them to test it for thallium.
The laboratory tests showed that in the girl’s blood there was more than ten times the safe amount of thallium.
The doctors were now able to do something for the child, and four months later she was cured.
And all because the nurse had been reading a detective story by Agatha Christie.