Вопрос № 1072549 - Английский язык

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What is blood affected by?
A blood test is an extremely useful source of information about the health of a body. Because blood is affected by many medical conditions, the shape, size, behaviour, and numbers of blood cells reveal a lot, so blood tests are used to form diagnoses, and to monitor illness and the effectiveness of treatment. A blood test is fast, safe, and fairly reliable. Some tests can be done with only a drop of blood, whereas others may need a lot more. Blood tests give information about such thing as blood chemistry, kidney and liver function, hormone, cholesterol and glucose levels, and numbers of antibodies.

A blood test is an extremely useful source of information about the health of a body. Because blood is affected by many medical conditions, the shape, size, behaviour, and numbers of blood cells reveal a lot, so blood tests are used to form diagnoses, and to monitor illness and the effectiveness of treatment. A blood test is fast, safe, and fairly reliable. Some tests can be done with only a drop of blood, whereas others may need a lot more. Blood tests give information about such thing as blood chemistry, kidney and liver function, hormone, cholesterol and glucose levels, and numbers of antibodies.
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What is blood affected by?

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Blood consists of many elements, liquid and solid. These include red and white blood cells, blood platelets, and blood plasma. The plasma is the liquid part of the blood, something over 90% water. In it are dissolved essential elements that have to be carried from one place to another. These include, for example, organic constituents, such as blood sugar (glucose) and urea; inorganic elements, such as sodium and calcium; gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide; and secretions from the endocrine glands (hormones), antibodies, enzymes, and plasma proteins.
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Among the many specific functions of the blood are the following: it transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the body cells; it carries from the digestive system the nutriments that cells need and gets rid of their waste products via the kidneys and other organs of excretion; it conveys hormones; it helps regulate body temperature; it provides substances that fight off infection.
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Bacteria are tiny 1_______ plants, without green coloring matter (2_______), that can be seen only under a 3_______ that magnifies them from 600 to 1200 times. Bacteria come in many different sizes but in three principal shapes: rod-or pencil-shaped, the bacilli, which produce 4_______ like tuberculosis and leprosy; spherical or dot-shaped, the cocci; and spiral or comma-shaped, such as the spirochete or the vibrio.

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The cocci come in pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), or clusters, like grapes (staphylococci). Typical diplococci are the gonococcus, cause of gonorrhea, and the pneumococcus, cause of 1_______. Streptococci are responsible for «strep» 2_______, such as the sore throat that is often a forerunner of 3_______. Staphylococci are often present in 4_______.