Вопрос № 911851 - Английский язык

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The Moscow State University is the oldest university in Russia. It was founded in 1755 by the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. According to the results of national and international surveys the M. Lomonosov State University is number one in Russia and among top ten in the world. The university has a rich library. It is the third largest among public libraries of Russia.

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There are a lot of institutions of higher education in our country. The Linguistic University, previously known as Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages, Pedagogic University, People’s Friendship University of Russia are well - known not only in Russia but also abroad.

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Climatic and geographic factors limit Russia’s agricultural activity to about 10 percent of the country’s total land area. 1_______. In the European part of Russia, the most productive land is in the Central Chernozem Economic Region and the Volga Economic Region, which occupy the grasslands between the Ukraine and Kazakhstan. 2_______. In Siberia and the Far East, the most productive areas are the southern regions. 3_______. The last expansion of cultivated land occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when the Virgin Lands program of Nikita Khrushchev opened land in southwestern Siberia (and neighboring Kazakhstan) for cultivation. 4_______.

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1_______. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, large collective and state farms had to contend with the sudden loss of heavy government subsidies. 2_______. The use of mineral fertilizer and other purchased inputs plummeted, driving yields down. 3_______. After about ten years of decline, Russian agriculture has begun to show signs of modest improvement. The transition to a more market-oriented system has introduced an element of fiscal responsibility, which has resulted in increased efficiency as farmers try to maintain productivity while struggling with resource constraints. 4_______.

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1_______. The share of agricultural employment is relatively high at 16 % of the total number of employed, but this is also substantially lower than in other CIS countries (around 40 % on average). 2_______. The disproportion between the share of agriculture in GDP and its share in employment suggests that the productivity of labor in Russia’s agriculture is below the average in the economy.
3_______. 4_______. This constitutes a significant increase of 30 % in agricultural production since 1998, although on the whole Russia’s agriculture is still far below the level of production in 1990.

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In the spring wheat region, planting typically begins in May. 1_______. 2_______. Spring wheat advances through the reproductive stage during mid-July, when temperatures climb to their highest levels and grains are most vulnerable to heat stress. 3_______. It is not unusual for a significant portion of the Russian grain crop – millions of hectares in some years – to remain not harvested, due chiefly to unfavorable weather during the harvest campaign. 4_______.