Вопрос № 933079 - Английский язык

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The eye is a genuinely amazing thing. It is a tiny, intricate assembly of light sensitive cells, an adjustable lens and diaphragm, and nerves which transmit impulses to the visual cortex of the brain. The eye has probably evolved from a simple light sensitive spot on an ancestral creature long ago into a retina and lens of great complexity.
However, it is often given by religious people, as an example to disprove evolution and prove creation – only a divine designer, they say, could have fashioned such an exquisite thing.

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The work of Ophthalmology department includes the following:
– extracting cataracts and replacing the natural lens with a plastic intraocular one
– laser surgery to change the shape of the cornea and reduce dependence on glasses
– surgery on the extra-ocular muscles to treat strabismus – also called cross eye, which is when eyes do not align correctly
– laser surgery such as trabeculoplasty which decreases internal pressure for the treatment of glaucoma
– the excision of tumours on the eyelid and in the eye.

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How is the most important symptom that leads to a diagnosis called?
Symptoms are physical conditions that indicate the illness, and are usually described as either strong mild, or weak. Many illnesses have symptoms in common, such as nausea, high blood pressure, etc., whereas other symptoms are rarer and specific to a narrow range of illnesses. The most important symptom that leads to a diagnosis is called a cardinal symptom, and the symptoms that cause a patient to seek medical help are referred to as presenting symptoms.

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How much had the woman gained in weight?
A 50-year-old housewife, who had been well until four months previously, complained of tiredness and malaise. She had gained 9 kg in weight in the year before she presented to her GP although she denied eating more than usual. She was constipated and she noticed that her hair had started to fall out.

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What treatments are now viewed as barbaric and cruel?
Medicine is rarely successful at curing illness completely, but it can treat it with varying degrees of success. Options include: medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments. Certain treatments, such as electroshock and lobotomy, are controversial, and treatments used in the past, such as cold water, restraint, and isolation, are now viewed as barbaric and cruel.

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What is blood affected by?
A blood test is an extremely useful source of information about the health of a body. Because blood is affected by many medical conditions, the shape, size, behaviour, and numbers of blood cells reveal a lot, so blood tests are used to form diagnoses, and to monitor illness and the effectiveness of treatment. A blood test is fast, safe, and fairly reliable. Some tests can be done with only a drop of blood, whereas others may need a lot more. Blood tests give information about such thing as blood chemistry, kidney and liver function, hormone, cholesterol and glucose levels, and numbers of antibodies.