Вопрос № 1072406 - Английский язык

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Criminal courts
1. Both criminal and civil courts in England and Wales primarily hear evidence and aim to determine what exactly happened in a case. Broadly speaking, the lower courts decide matters of fact and the upper courts normally deal with points of law. About 95% of all criminal eases in England and Wales are tried in the Magistrates’ Courts which deal with petty crimes, that is, less serious ones. In certain circumstances the court may commit an accused person to the Crown Court for more severe punishment, either by way of a fine or imprisonment.
2. Except in cases of homicide, children under 14 and young persons – that is, minors between 14 and 17 years of age – must always be tried summarily, meaning without a jury, by a Youth Court. A Youth Court is a branch of the Magistrates' Court. Indictable offences, that is, more serious ones such as theft, assault, drug dealing, and murder, are reserved for trial in the Crown Court. In almost all criminal cases, the State, in the name of the Crown, prosecutes a person alleged to have committed a crime.
3. In England and Wales, a jury of twelve people decides whether the defendant is guilty of the crime she or he is charged with. The Crown Court may hear cases in circuit areas. From the Crown Court, appeal against conviction or sentence lies to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal. If leave to appeal is granted by that court, cases may go on appeal to the House of Lords.
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Where are children under 17 tried?

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Criminal courts
1. Both criminal and civil courts in England and Wales primarily hear evidence and aim to determine what exactly happened in a case. Broadly speaking, the lower courts decide matters of fact and the upper courts normally deal with points of law. About 95% of all criminal eases in England and Wales are tried in the Magistrates’ Courts which deal with petty crimes, that is, less serious ones. In certain circumstances the court may commit an accused person to the Crown Court for more severe punishment, either by way of a fine or imprisonment.
2. Except in cases of homicide, children under 14 and young persons – that is, minors between 14 and 17 years of age – must always be tried summarily, meaning without a jury, by a Youth Court. A Youth Court is a branch of the Magistrates' Court. Indictable offences, that is, more serious ones such as theft, assault, drug dealing, and murder, are reserved for trial in the Crown Court. In almost all criminal cases, the State, in the name of the Crown, prosecutes a person alleged to have committed a crime.
3. In England and Wales, a jury of twelve people decides whether the defendant is guilty of the crime she or he is charged with. The Crown Court may hear cases in circuit areas. From the Crown Court, appeal against conviction or sentence lies to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal. If leave to appeal is granted by that court, cases may go on appeal to the House of Lords.
Основной идеей текста является …

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A constitution is a political and ideological structure within which a system of laws operates. Most constitutions describe the fundamental rights of citizens. They usually include general declarations about freedom and equality (freedom of speech, freedom of religion).
It can be difficult to compare the legal freedoms of countries with different cultures and economic levels. But some comparison is possible since many countries have similar constitutional provisions and claim similar aims.
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Most constitutions describe the main …

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The Constitution of the United States guarantees basic rights in the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments, and in several additional amendments. But rights and responsibilities cannot be separated. As is often said, Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women; when it dies there, no constitution, no law, no court can save it. If people do not carry out their responsibilities as citizens, the whole society suffers.
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Liberty lies in the hearts of …

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Most of the law in the world is made by individual government for their own people. Morality and legality become connected when governments violate their own constitutions and when their policies cause citizens to flee over the border into other countries. Moreover, most countries of the world have signed international agreements concerning the treatment of individuals.
The European Convention on Human Rights was first adopted in 1950 and has now been signed by every country of Western Europe. Individual citizens of these countries have the right to bring a complaint before the European Commission if they think their government has broken the Convention.
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Most countries of the world have signed international agreements concerning …

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Certain jobs in Washington require you to be licensed by a local state, or federal agency. By requiring a license, the agency is able to make sure that you have the proper education and experience to provide certain services and/or products to the public. A license also provides a way for the agency to make sure that workers in certain fields perform their work in an ethical and professional manner. Licensing is a means of protecting the public.
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Licensing is a means of …