Вопрос № 348316 - Английский язык

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One secret to Nestle’s 1_________ is that many of its products - especially instant coffee, chocolates, and frozen foods - appeal to consumers all over the 2__________. For example, coffee is closing in on tea as the favourite 3___________ in Japan. Frozen dinners, long a hit in the United States, are catching on in Europe. And of course chocolate tastes the same in any language. Although these products have to be adapted slightly to local tastes, they generally can be 4__________ worldwide.

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One of the first multinational 1__________, Nestle now has production facilities in more than 60 2__________. Its 3___________ can be found almost everywhere around the globe. In Europe, where Nestle’s success is greatest, 4_________ of instant coffee, mineral water, yogurt, frozen foods, cold cuts, candy, and cereal bars total roughly $10.2 billion.

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The World Bank is the world’s foremost intergovernmental 1___________ concerned with the external financing of the 2__________ growth of developing countries. The official title of the institution is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
Before recommending a Bank loan, the staff of the Bank must be reasonably satisfied that the productivity of the borrowing country will be increased and that the prospects for repayment are good. A country must be judged 3___________. Engineering investigations are frequently carried out to determine the probable relation of a proposed project to4___________  and costs. Increasingly, however, the Bank has shifted somewhat away from project lending (e.g., for a dam or a highway or a port); it has become concerned with education and other human services, the environment, and, through structural adjustment loans, the modification of governmental policies that are thought to have impeded long-run growth.

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Because of the size of the World Bank’s subscriptions, five 1___________ - the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France - are entitled to appoint executive directors; the remaining seventeen directors2___________  by some combination of the votes of the other nations. There are 156 members nations, but, with 3__________ of the Baltic States and the devolution of the Soviet Union into separate republics, the membership could increase to over 170, thereby including all the independent nations in the world.
The Soviet Union was one of the forty-four governments whose representatives signed the original Bretton Woods agreements, but along with the other members of the Warsaw Pact, it chose not to join the Bank or the Fund when these organizations were 4__________ incorporated in 1946. (Poland and Czechoslovakia joined the Bank and the Fund initially but withdrew when the cold war began in earnest and a loan to Poland was blocked by the United States.)

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In 1954, an International Finance Corporation 1__________ to supplement the World Bank by participating in equity financing in member countries, and in 1960, a third 2___________, the International Development Association (IDA), was created. These three organizations constitute the World Bank Group. The IDA has the same3___________  and staff as the World Bank, but its separate charter enables it to offer loans to low-income member countries repayable at 0.75 percent interest over 50 4_________ (including 10 years’ grace).

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The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on the flow of 1___________ to the poorer countries of the world, both directly and indirectly, and knowledge of Third World problems 2____________ enormously. Still, the record of growth is spotty. In much of East Asia, per capita income is rising 3_________, but in Africa south of the Sahara, in South Asia, and in much of Latin America, the growth of per capita 4__________ has been discouragingly slow.