Вопрос № 1072207 - Английский язык

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Light
1. The form of energy that illuminates our world is called light. It usually comes from hot objects, like the sun or fire, but it is also produced by electricity and some chemical reactions. Light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum (which includes microwaves, ultraviolet rays, and X-rays) that is invisible to the human eye. It travels at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, and nothing can travel faster. Like other forms of energy, light travels in waves, but it can also travel in packets of energy called quanta. This enables it to travel through a vacuum.
2. Light rays are reflected when they hit a shiny or silvered surface, such as a still pool of water or a mirror. Reflection involves two light rays: the incoming ray and the reflected ray which bounces off the reflecting surface. The two rays are at identical angles to the reflecting surface on either side of an imaginary line.
3. Refraction is a property of all types of energy that travel in waves, including light. Light waves normally travel in straight lines, but when they pass from one transparent material to another, they usually refract, or bend. Refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials. As light from a material with a low density, such as air, enters a material with a high density, such as water, its speed is reduced. This causes it to bend (except when it enters a material at a right angle).
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What quality do all energy forms travelling in ways hold?

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Light
1. The form of energy that illuminates our world is called light. It usually comes from hot objects, like the sun or fire, but it is also produced by electricity and some chemical reactions. Light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum (which includes microwaves, ultraviolet rays, and X-rays) that is invisible to the human eye. It travels at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, and nothing can travel faster. Like other forms of energy, light travels in waves, but it can also travel in packets of energy called quanta. This enables it to travel through a vacuum.
2. Light rays are reflected when they hit a shiny or silvered surface, such as a still pool of water or a mirror. Reflection involves two light rays: the incoming ray and the reflected ray which bounces off the reflecting surface. The two rays are at identical angles to the reflecting surface on either side of an imaginary line.
3. Refraction is a property of all types of energy that travel in waves, including light. Light waves normally travel in straight lines, but when they pass from one transparent material to another, they usually refract, or bend. Refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials. As light from a material with a low density, such as air, enters a material with a high density, such as water, its speed is reduced. This causes it to bend (except when it enters a material at a right angle).
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The English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton was one of the 1_______ scientists of all time. His theories revolutionized scientific thinking and laid the foundations of modern 2_______. His book «Principia Mathematics» is one of the most important works in the history of modern science. Newton 3_______ the law of gravity, and developed the three laws of motion that are still in use today. He was the first person to split white light into the 4_______ of the spectrum.

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The name of German physicist Heinrich Hertz has become a part of everyday language because of his work on electromagnetic 1_______. The hertz (Hz), the unit used to measure the frequency of electromagnetic waves, is named for the German 2_______. Hertz was inspired by the work of the 3_______ physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who had predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz designed and 4_______ equipment that proved that these waves exist and that they could be detected at a distance.

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The Universe contains everything that exists – not only the 1_______ and everything on it, but also all the planets, stars, and galaxies, and the space in between them. The sun, at the center of the solar system, is just one of about 100 billion stars in our galaxy, or collection of stars, called the Milky Way. 2_______ have estimated that there are about 100 billion other galaxies in the universe. Most scientists 3_______that the universe formed about 15 billion years ago in an enormous explosion called the big bang. They also think that 4_______ is expanding.

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The part of the Earth and its atmosphere that can 1_______ living organisms is called the biosphere. This consists of the air and land, as well as lakes, rivers, and oceans. 2_______ usually live alongside other members of the same species to form a population. Lots of different populations share the same habitat. Together, they all form a community. The members of a 3_______ constantly react with one another and their environment, creating a balanced, living system called an ecosystem, such as an ocean or a forest. The study of all these interactions is called 4_______.