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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Perfect Competition and Monopoly 1. Economists recognize two ma...: ответ на тест 1078085 - Английский язык

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Perfect Competition and Monopoly
1. Economists recognize two main types of markets: perfect competition and monopoly. Perfect competition requires that the product of any seller be the same as the product of any other seller, that no buyer or seller be able to influence the price of the product, and that resources be able to switch readily from one use to another. Four conditions define the existence of a perfectly competitive market: 1) Firms sell a standardized product. In a perfectly competitive market, the product sold by one firm is assumed to be a perfect substitute for the other product sold by any other. 2) Firms are price takers. This means that the individual firm treats the market price of the product as given. 3) Factors of production are perfectly mobile in the long run. 4) Firms and consumers have perfect information. A firm has no reason to leave its current industry if it has no way of knowing about existence of more profitable opportunities elsewhere. Similarly, a consumer has no motive to switch from a high-priced product to a lower-priced one of identical quality unless he has information about the existence of the latter. Price and output under perfect competition are determined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves. In the market period, supply is fixed. Thus, price is determined by demand alone.
2. A pure monopoly is a market with only one seller. Monopolies may occur because of patents, control over basic inputs, and government actions. The key feature that differentiates the monopoly from the competitive firm is the price elasticity of demand facing the firm. In the case of the perfectly competitive firm price elasticity is infinite. If a competitive firm raises its price slightly it will lose all its sales. A monopoly, by contrast, has significant control over the prices it changes.
3. The output of a perfectly competitive industry tends to be greater and the price tends to be lower than under monopoly. One way that society has attempted to reduce the harmful effects of monopoly is through public regulation.
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Pure monopoly is a situation in which …
Варианты ответов
  • a competitive firm can raise its price slightly
  • different firms sell a standardized product
  • one firm controls the entire market for a product
  • firms have significant control over prices
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Вопрос № 1110695

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Perfect Competition and Monopoly
1. Economists recognize two main types of markets: perfect competition and monopoly. Perfect competition requires that the product of any seller be the same as the product of any other seller, that no buyer or seller be able to influence the price of the product, and that resources be able to switch readily from one use to another. Four conditions define the existence of a perfectly competitive market: 1) Firms sell a standardized product. In a perfectly competitive market, the product sold by one firm is assumed to be a perfect substitute for the other product sold by any other. 2) Firms are price takers. This means that the individual firm treats the market price of the product as given. 3) Factors of production are perfectly mobile in the long run. 4) Firms and consumers have perfect information. A firm has no reason to leave its current industry if it has no way of knowing about existence of more profitable opportunities elsewhere. Similarly, a consumer has no motive to switch from a high-priced product to a lower-priced one of identical quality unless he has information about the existence of the latter. Price and output under perfect competition are determined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves. In the market period, supply is fixed. Thus, price is determined by demand alone.
2. A pure monopoly is a market with only one seller. Monopolies may occur because of patents, control over basic inputs, and government actions. The key feature that differentiates the monopoly from the competitive firm is the price elasticity of demand facing the firm. In the case of the perfectly competitive firm price elasticity is infinite. If a competitive firm raises its price slightly it will lose all its sales. A monopoly, by contrast, has significant control over the prices it changes.
3. The output of a perfectly competitive industry tends to be greater and the price tends to be lower than under monopoly. One way that society has attempted to reduce the harmful effects of monopoly is through public regulation.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Pure monopoly is a situation in which …
firms have significant control over prices
a competitive firm can raise its price slightly
different firms sell a standardized product
one firm controls the entire market for a product

Вопрос № 1110683

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Perfect Competition and Monopoly
1. Economists recognize two main types of markets: perfect competition and monopoly. Perfect competition requires that the product of any seller be the same as the product of any other seller, that no buyer or seller be able to influence the price of the product, and that resources be able to switch readily from one use to another. Four conditions define the existence of a perfectly competitive market: 1) Firms sell a standardized product. In a perfectly competitive market, the product sold by one firm is assumed to be a perfect substitute for the other product sold by any other. 2) Firms are price takers. This means that the individual firm treats the market price of the product as given. 3) Factors of production are perfectly mobile in the long run. 4) Firms and consumers have perfect information. A firm has no reason to leave its current industry if it has no way of knowing about existence of more profitable opportunities elsewhere. Similarly, a consumer has no motive to switch from a high-priced product to a lower-priced one of identical quality unless he has information about the existence of the latter. Price and output under perfect competition are determined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves. In the market period, supply is fixed. Thus, price is determined by demand alone.
2. A pure monopoly is a market with only one seller. Monopolies may occur because of patents, control over basic inputs, and government actions. The key feature that differentiates the monopoly from the competitive firm is the price elasticity of demand facing the firm. In the case of the perfectly competitive firm price elasticity is infinite. If a competitive firm raises its price slightly it will lose all its sales. A monopoly, by contrast, has significant control over the prices it changes.
3. The output of a perfectly competitive industry tends to be greater and the price tends to be lower than under monopoly. One way that society has attempted to reduce the harmful effects of monopoly is through public regulation.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the main advantage of perfect competition over monopoly?
The harmful effects of monopoly are reduced.
Firms get significant control over prices.
There is no need in public regulations.
In the long run, perfectly competitive markets are productively efficient.

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Вопрос № 1078086

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New Civil Code Keeps State Out of Inheritance Coffers
1. The state will no longer inherit the property of almost every second Russian citizen as it has in years past after an inheritance law went into effect broadly expanding the number of relatives recognized as heirs.
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3. Belongings will only go to the state if no one makes a claim within six months of the owner's death. Earlier, the state inherited property in about one in every two deaths. The new inheritance rules will encourage Russians to write wills – a practice that remains rare – and will finally provide the courts with detailed guidance to deal with inheritance lawsuits.
4. Under the new law, a will can now be written outside of a notary’s office and then delivered there in a sealed envelope by the benefactor to be opened after his or her death. Registration of a will with the public notary currently costs 100-170 rubles ($3 to $6). Where notaries are unavailable, a will is legally binding if signed by two witnesses.
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Вопрос № 1078087

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Investigation in Russia
1. The investigator and the court base their conclusions concerning the guilt of the accused upon the verification and assessment of the evidence. Evidence in a criminal case is facts, on the basis of which the investigating authorities and the court establish, in accordance with the law, the existence or absence of a socially dangerous act, the guilt of the person committing the act, and other circumstances of importance in making a correct decision in the case.
2. The investigator, the police, the prosecutor and the court establish the facts in the case from the testimony of witnesses, the injured parties, suspects, accused, the opinions of experts, exhibits, the records of the investigation and court proceedings, and other documents.
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Вопрос № 1078088

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Capital Punishment
1. The ultimate penalty is death (capital punishment). Although most countries still have a death penalty, 62 (including almost every European nation) have abolished it; 18 retain it only for exceptional crimes such as wartime offences; and 27 no longer carry out executions even when a death sentence has been passed. In other words, almost half the countries of the world have ceased to use the death penalty.
2. Supporters of capital punishment believe that death is a just punishment for certain serious crimes. Many also believe that it deters others from committing such crimes. Opponents argue that execution is cruel and uncivilized. Capital punishment involves not only the pain of dying but also the mental anguish of waiting, sometimes for years, to know if and when the sentence will be carried out. Opponents also argue that there is no evidence that it deters people from committing murder any more than imprisonment does. A further argument is that, should a mistake be made, it is too late to rectify it once the execution has taken place.
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Вопрос № 1078089

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The House of Commons
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