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The History of the Laser
1. Laser is short for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The idea behind lasers is complex. Theodore Maiman succeeded in building the first working laser in 1960. He worked at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. Before the laser, scientists developed a similar device: a maser which stands for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A maser is basically a microwave version of the laser. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to, but shorter than, radio waves. The best-known use of masers is in highly accurate clocks.
2. In the 1950s, researchers in the United States and Russia independently developed the technology that made both masers and lasers possible. Charles Townes was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He and his students developed the first maser. Russians Nicolay Basov and Aleksander Prokhorov did their research in Moscow. Their work led to technology important to lasers and masers. The three men received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964.
3. The physics of the laser may be complex. Still, it is just a story of how electrons interact with light. When a light particle, or photon, hits an electron, the electron jumps to a higher energy state. If another photon strikes one of these high-energy electrons, the electron releases two photons that travel together at the same wavelength. When this process is repeated enough, lots of organized, or coherent, photons are produced.
Основной идеей текста является …
Microwaves used in a maser (basically a microwave version of the laser) are a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to, but shorter than, radio waves.
The idea behind lasers is complex because of the complex process of photons production in it based on electrons interaction with light.
The technologies of both lasers and masers were studied by the scientists from Russia and the USA and in 1964 they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for these inventions.
The technology of lasers was developed by researchers from the USA and Russia, but its engineering solution was found by the American scientist Theodore Maiman in 1960.
