Вопрос № 911838 - Английский язык

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.Wheat is now cultivated from the neighbourhood of the equator almost to the borders of the Arctic zone.The 1_______ of wheat is affected not only by the climate and the soil in which it 2_______, but also by its pedigree; for instance, a weak variety can be grown in a climate and soil that usually produce strong wheats: climate, however, is the predominant factor, as is shown by the fact that wheat repeatedly shown in an unaccustomed 3_______ gradually assumes the characteristics of the 4_______ normally grown in that climate.

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The origin of wheat is unknown. There is evidence that 1_______ was cultivated in China 3.000 years ago and that it was chief crop in ancient Egypt and Palestine.
Wheat is the most important of the 2_______. It can grow in almost any kind of soil and in any temperate climate. It is one of the most widely grown crops in the world.
The wheat 3_______ is oval in shape, having a number of short, fine hairs at one end. It 4_______ of three parts:
1) The germ or embryo which produces the new plant.
2) The starchy endosperm which provides the food for the new plant when the germ starts to grow.
3) The various outer coverings constituting the husk of the grain, which are for its protection.
The average composition of a wheat grain is approximately:
85 per cent – endosperm
2 per cent – germ or embryo
13 per cent – husk.
These percentages may vary, depending on the nature of the grain.

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Different 1_______ of wheat 2_______ greatly in appearance and characteristics. In 3_______, wheat may be red or white according to the colour of the bran or outer skin of the grain; in characteristics it may be hard or soft, “strong” or “weak”.
The 4_______ most important to millers are:
1. strength
2. hardness
3. flavour
4. colour
5. flour-yielding capacity.

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Wheat may be divided into two 1_______, winter wheat and spring wheat.
Winter 2_______ is sown in autumn and grows in the countries where the winter is not very cold. A protective layer of snow not only prevents frost damage but promotes tillering.
Spring wheat 3_______ in spring and must be harvested before it can be frozen by 4_______ frosts.

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Wheat flour is 1_______ among cereal flours in that, when mixed with water in the correct proportions, its protein component will form an elastic network which is capable of holding gas and which will set to a rather firm spongy structure when heated in the oven. It is this behaviour which makes possible the production of bread as we know it.
In order to secure batter and doughs which will handle satisfactorily and yield finished products of good eating quality the proper flour must be used.
Suitability of a flour for a particular purpose is governed primarily by the 2_______ of wheat from which it was milled, the protein content of the flour, and the milling conditions. Wheats may 3_______ into soft and hard, with the latter group subdivided into winter and spring wheats. Hard wheats are indispensable for the production of flour intended for use in bakery foods of low density, such as ordinary white bread. Flours made from 4_______ wheats can yield doughs which are elastic, have excellent gas-holding properties, and respond well to the usual bake-shop processing techniques.

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What is a modern mill?
A modern mill is a vast enterprise where the entire technological process is fully mechanised and put on a continuous flow basis. Our flour mills differ from those of many foreign countries. They have a higher degree of efficiency. Our mills are simple in operation. They usually have 5 or 6 floors, and all machines of one type are grouped together on the floor. One or two floors may be wholly occupied by rollermills, another two by centrifugals and plansifters and another two by purifiers; this enables a whole floor-full of machines to be supervised by men skilled in operating that particular type.