Вопрос № 911994 - Английский язык

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Metals began to be widely used as construction materials not so long ago. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century metals played little structural role in the process of building. Mostly they served for joining parts of buildings. The ancient Greeks and Romans are known to use bronze for joining slabs of stone.
It was only in the eighteenth century when the first all-metal structure was built in Europe. It was a cast-iron bridge across the river Severn in England. The strength of the bridge turned out to be so great that now, more than two centuries after its construction, it still carries heavy modern traffic across the Severn.
In the first half of the nineteenth century cast iron and wrought iron were introduced and used for industrial construction in Europe and North America.

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Metals began to be widely used as construction materials not so long ago. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century metals played little structural role in the process of building. Mostly they served for joining parts of buildings. The ancient Greeks and Romans are known to use bronze for joining slabs of stone.

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Brick belongs to artificial construction materials. It has been used in many countries and in different climates. In modern times bricks vary widely with the method of production and temperature of burning.
Concrete is known to be one of the most popular building materials. It is produced by mixing cement, gravel, water, and sand in the proper amounts.

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The Empire State Building was built in 1931 in the United States of America. Its construction took about two years. The exterior of the sky-scraper is supported by a framework produced of steel. It should be noted that 60,000 tons of steel were used for its production. The Empire State Building is considered to be one of the tallest and spacious constructions of the world. It can be attended by 80,000 people simultaneously.

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Concrete being a universally used material, its new 1_______ are being constantly produced. Among others there exists concrete with 2_______. Its main quality is that it is made up of materials that emit gas and foam during the process of mixing the aggregates with water. It should be taken into account that concrete of this 3_______ possesses relatively light weight. It is mostly used for producing slabs, walls panels, and frame constructions. As we know, decrease in weight leads to a considerable decrease in strength. This quality is classified as a 4_______ disadvantage of cellular concrete.

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The quality of 1_______ is known to depend on the properties of materials it consists of. The amount of constructing materials is also of great importance. Among the kinds of concrete used in 2_______ construction there are plain concrete and reinforced, or ferro-concrete. The usage of plain concrete is practically 3_______. As to ferro-concrete, it is mostly used for construction of foundations, 4_______, girders and beams. This kind of concrete is also rather popular for constructing bridges, dams and dock walls.