Вопрос № 1072260 - Английский язык

To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles.
The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name.
Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers, and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea.
Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being located on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the reasons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the river Thames.
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What parts does the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consist of?

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1_______. Therefore, they are found practically in all areas, particularly in the Midlands and south-west of England, the lowlands of Yorkshire and the coastal areas of Scotland, Wales, the Lake District and Northern Ireland. In contrast, sheep are concentrated in the upland areas of Scotland, Wales, northern and southwestern England and Northern Ireland.
2_______. There are two kinds of cattle: dairy cattle and beef cattle. 3_______. 4_______.

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Organic farming avoids the use of chemical pesticides and manmade fertilizers. Supporters say organic farming is better for the environment than conventional methods. But studies have shown that organic farming generally produces less food per hectare. That lower yield means feeding the world organically would require more land. But good farmland is limited. And scientists say deforestation from the clearing of land for agriculture is already a problem for climate change. A new study shows organic crops typically yield less than those raised with artificial fertilizers and pesticides.
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What does organic farming avoid?

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Livestock require protection from severe weather so they can maintain satisfactory growth and reproduction. Some livestock need only a windbreak or a shade tree shelter. Others live in climate-controlled buildings where the humidity, light, sound level, temperature, and ventilation are precisely regulated. Livestock raised in climate-controlled buildings are usually kept in small groups to reduce competition and fighting. The design of the buildings allows the animals to stay dry and clean.

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Various organs of livestock supply drugs used by a great number of people. Animal fat can be processed and made into livestock feed and soap. Manufacturers use the feathers of ducks and geese in making bedding. Every year, livestock produce tons of body wastes that are used to fertilize the soil. This organic fertilizer increases the growth and food production of many plants. Horses were once widely used as work animals on farms. But automated farm equipment has replaced horses for farm work in most parts of the world. Today, people use horses primarily for recreational riding and for racing.

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Tractors occupy an important place on the farm as a source of power. On many farms they, together with trucks or trailers, have entirely displaced horses for farm work. An advantage of tractors power over the horse is that tractor can be used continuously for heavy work. In addition to pulling implements like ploughs and cultivators, a tractor may be used with implements for bush-cleaning, ditch-filling and land-leveling. Small tractors from 1 to 10 horse-power, fitted with single-or twin cylinder petrol engines, may be used for garden and orchard work.