Вопрос № 1072257 - Английский язык

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All plants require certain conditions of the environment for their best growth and development. The most important of them are water, soil, sunlight and temperature.
Without sunlight many important processes in plants do not take place. One of them is photosynthesis by which plants produce food from inorganic materials.
Besides water the soil in which crops are grown is to be provided with air and all necessary nutrients. The most important plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. There are at least 14 elements that are essential for proper plant growth. Farmers have to apply the nutrients taken by growing crops from the soil.

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Soil consists chiefly of mineral particles mixed with decaying organic matter. Chemical reactions involving these substances produce most of the nutrients that crops need. To be fertile, therefore, soil must consist of the right mixture of minerals, organic matter, and helpful microbes. It must also have the proper amounts of air and water.
After deciding which crops to grow, farmers analyze their soil to learn if any nutrients are insufficient or lacking. To get an accurate analysis, most farmers send samples of the soil to a soil-testing laboratory. To test results help farmers plan a scientific fertilizer program for their crops. Effective soil management also includes methods of soil conservation.
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Crops raised to supply food human beings are called food crops. Many food crops tend to spoil quickly, and so farmers ship these crops to market as soon as possible after harvesting. Food grains, however, can be stored for months on farms that have the proper facilities. Before grain is stored, it must be dried. Most farms that store large amounts of grain have grain-drying equipment and large storage bins.
Crops raised to supply feed for livestock are called feed crops. Hay, silage, soybeans, and such grains as corn and sorghum are the principal feed crops. Corn, wheat, and soybeans are used for both food and livestock feed. Hay must be kept dry until it is used, and so it is usually stored in barns. Unlike hay, silage must be kept moist. Most farmers store it in airtight structures called silos.
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What crops are used for both food and livestock feed?

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The foremost task of veterinary scientists and experts is the organization and carrying out of complex investigations on the problems which are of great importance for the development of animal husbandry. They also must help collective farms apply the achievements of science and advanced experience in their practical work. Veterinary service should pay particular attention to the organization of veterinary work on industrial livestock and poultry farms to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. At present due to the tremendous labour of thousands of veterinary scientists and practitioners the veterinary-sanitary status of cattle-breeding has been improved, mortality has reduced, occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases has lowered.
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What must veterinary scientists and experts help collective farms?

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There are about 55000 farms in Britain. They are not large. An average sized farm is about 30-40 acres. There are three main types of farming in Great Britain: pastoral, arable, mixed. Sheep and cattle are reared in the hill and moorland areas of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and south-western England. Milk production is of the first importance in the structure of British agriculture.
Pig breeding is carried on in most areas but is particularly important in southern England, north-east Scotland and Northern Ireland. Arable farms are mainly in the eastern part of the country. The main cereal crops in Great Britain are wheat, barley and oats. Rye is grown in small quantities for use as cattle fodder.
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What is of the first importance in the structure of British agriculture?

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Organic farming avoids the use of chemical pesticides and manmade fertilizers. Supporters say organic farming is better for the environment than conventional methods. But studies have shown that organic farming generally produces less food per hectare. That lower yield means feeding the world organically would require more land. But good farmland is limited. And scientists say deforestation from the clearing of land for agriculture is already a problem for climate change. A new study shows organic crops typically yield less than those raised with artificial fertilizers and pesticides.
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What does organic farming avoid?