Вопрос № 857125 - Английский язык

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The television receiver includes tube circuits for receiving, amplifying, and synchronizing the signals, and a large cathod tube called a kinescope. This part of the device converts the video impulses from the transmitting station into luminous spots on a fluorescent screen. In the kinescope the amplified video signals are applied to the grid, and through it control the intensity of the electron beam.

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Colour television
1. After World War II, the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) began demonstrating its own sequential colour system, designed by Peter Goldmark. Combining cathode-ray tubes with spinning wheels of red, blue, and green filters, it was impressive enough that The Wall Street Journal had “little doubt that color television had reached the perfection of black and white.” Thus began a long battle between CBS and RCA (Radio Corporation of America) to decide the future of colour television which resulted in abandoning the broadcasts a few months later.
2. Then, in June 1951, RCA proudly unveiled their new system. The design used dichroic mirrors to separate the blue, red, and green components of the original image and focus each component on its own monochrome camera tube. The RCA colour system was compatible with existing black-and-white sets. It managed this by converting the three colour signals into two: the total brightness, or luminance, signal and a complex second signal containing the colour information.  
3. In 1952 the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) was reformed, this time with the purpose of creating an “industry color system.” The NTSC system that was demonstrated to the press in August 1952 and that would serve into the 21st century was virtually the RCA system. It was not until the 1960s that colour television became profitable.
4. In 1960 Japan adopted the NTSC colour standard. In Europe, two different systems came into prominence over the following decade: in Germany Walter Bruch developed the PAL (phase alternation line) system, and in France Henri de France developed SECAM (système électronique couleur avec mémoire (successive colour with memory)). Both were basically the NTSC system, with some subtle modifications.  These are still the standards of colour television today, despite preparations for a digital future.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Telephony is the branch of telecommunication which provides for the exchange of information in the form of speech. In any telephone system speech or other sounds are converted into electric signals that are transmitted to a distant point where they are converted back into reproductions of the original sound.
Telephone set is an assembly of apparatus provided at each end of a telephone circuits to enable the user to make and receive calls.
A microphone forming part of a telephone set is called a telephone transmitter while a transducer forming part of a telephone set and used to convert voice-frequency currents into audible sounds is telephone receiver. The system also includes an electric bell responsive to low-frequency AC or pulsating current and is used as a calling device at a telephone station.

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In overseas communications, telegraph messages are transmitted over high-frequency radio (3-30 MHz), transoceanic submarine cables, or satellite communication channels. But it should be noted that the number of messages carried on high-frequency radio is constantly decreasing.
Most radio circuits operate directly between different countries of the world. As to radio telegraph transmitters, they are usually either of the frequency-shift-keying type or the single-side-band type.

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A superconductive electric cable was made by the research workers at the Power-Engineering Institute. It is a very useful device and its main property is its being cryogenic. Compared with other types of cables, it has a great advantage – its use will result in transmitting current practically without losses, which is of great importance since nowadays percentage of losses in transmitting electric power over long distances is rather high; it is ten per cent and even more.
The properties of the new cable being unique, electric current up to 10,000 amp at 10,000 V and more can be transmitted over long distances. The superconductive cryogenic transmission lines are especially efficient for Russia: the power resources of the country are known to be concentrated mainly in the eastern parts of the country while three-quarters of the industrial potential are concentrated in the European part.

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One of 1_______ types of radio programme is radio drama. Although some radio stations only broadcast music, 2_______ also produce plays for their listeners. Many people prefer listening to a play on the radio to watching it on TV because they can be more creative. On TV, the programme-makers 3_______ exactly what a place or a person looks like. On radio, though, you 4_______ imagine it any way you like.