Вопрос № 48959 - Английский язык

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The idea of the Olympic Games absolutely captivated the modern 19th century nationalities.
A Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin may be the famous person behind the actual revival of the modern Olympic Games as we know them today. At the end of nineteenth century he had an idea to bring the Olympic Games back to life. Following his suggestion, fifteen nations met at an international congress in 1894. Two years later, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens. Since then they have been staged every fourth year, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main difference between the ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the athletic talents of people of all nations.
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For the ancient Greeks the Olympic Games were a way of saluting their ___________________.

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Long ago ancient Greeks often waged wars. Small states suffered and lost much even if they did not take any side and stayed out of wars. The ruler of such a small state, Elis, wanted to live in peace with all neighbours. He was a good diplomat because his negotiations were successful and Elis was recognized a neutral state. To celebrate this achievement, he organized athletic games.
In the beginning this feast lasted one day, but later a whole month was devoted to it. All wars and feuds were stopped by special heralds who rode in all directions of Greece.
The games were held every four years in Olympia on the territory of Elis. The first games which later were called the Olympic Games were held about a thousand years before our era.
Usually the Olympic Games began before the middle of the summer. Best athletes arrived from many Greek states to Olympia to compete in running, long jumps, throwing of discus and javelin and wrestling.
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Sсhool psychology
1. School psychologists deal largely with psychological testing and student consultation in elementary and secondary schools. Psychological testing is the systematic use of tests to quantify psychological behaviour, abilities, and problems and to make predictions about psychological performance. Tests fall into three general categories.
2. An aptitude test is to measure one’s level of intelligence. An intelligence quotient (IQ) test is a good example of this type. By measuring an individual’s IQ, the test-giver hopes to predict the subject’s future ability to learn and reason. A second category is the achievement test, which assesses the subject’s present level of academic or intellectual accomplishment. Tests of personality form the third general category. A personality test is to reveal a person’s moods, attitudes, opinions, motivations, and style of thinking, speaking, and acting. Personality tests are used by mental health clinics and psychiatric to help diagnose mental disorders.
3. Counseling is the process of helping a student discover and develop his educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness. The counselor`s goal is generally to orient the student toward opportunities that can best guarantee fulfillment of his personal needs and aspirations. The counselor usually attempts to clarify the student`s own thinking rather than to solve his problems.
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How can a student get advice promoting his successful social life?

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THE “FIVE M’S”

1. Production management’s responsibilities are summarized by the “five M’s”: men, machines, methods, materials, and money. “Men” refers to the human element in operating systems. Since the vast majority of manufacturing personnel work in the physical production of goods, “people management” is one of the production manager’s most important responsibilities.

2. The production manager must choose the machines and methods of the company, first selecting the equipment and technology to be used in the manufacture of the product or service and then planning and controlling the methods and procedures for their use. The flexibility of the production process and the ability of workers to adapt to equipment and schedules are important issues in this phase of production management.

3. The production manager’s responsibility for materials includes the management of flow processes—both physical (raw materials) and information (paperwork). The smoothness of resource movement and data flow is determined largely by the fundamental choices made in the design of the product and in the process to be used.

4. The manager’s concern for money is explained by the importance of financing and asset utilization to most manufacturing organizations. A manager who allows excessive inventories to build up or who achieves level production and steady operation by sacrificing good customer service and timely delivery runs the risk that overinvestment or high current costs will wipe out any temporary competitive advantage. Although the five M’s capture the essence of the major tasks of production management, control summarizes its single most important issue. The production manager must plan and control the process of production so that it moves smoothly and meets cost and quality objectives. Process control has two purposes: first, to ensure that operations are performed according to plan, and second, to monitor and evaluate the production plan to see if it can be modified.

‘Production management’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM
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Production process that runs without a hitch is the principle aim of a production manager.

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The workers ______ the road by the end of the year.

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Teacher (subordinate): «I hope I didn’t keep you waiting».
Dean: «_____________».