Вопрос № 867052 - Английский язык

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1_______. He must be a native-born citizen at least 35 years old. 2_______. But he must pay a federal income tax on the whole amount. He gets an added $40,000 tax-free, for travel and entertaining, and is provided a home - the White House.
3_______. He recommends many laws to the Congress and requires money for Federal Government operations. If he refuses to sign a bill passed by the Congress, a two-thirds vote of both houses is needed to overrule his veto and make the bill a law. 4_______. He is aided by an elected Vice President.
Under the U.S. Constitution a sitting President may be removed from office by an impeachment process whereby the House of Representatives, upon sufficient evidence, brings a “bill of impeachment” voted for by two-thirds of its membership. Next comes a trial in the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the United States acting as the judge and the Senators as the jury.

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Checks and Balances
1. The U.S. Constitution establishes three branches for the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The three branches work together to help the country. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers. No branch has more power than the other branches. They have balanced powers. Each branch has separate duties to check the powers of the other branches.
2. When a new state – the USA – was born, the Founders of the state thought that if there was no balance of power among different branches of government it would lead to tyranny. The problem was how to create a system of government with balanced powers. That’s why James Madison (1751 – 1836) favored the constitution that limited government by means of a) separation of powers; b) a system of checks and balances, where checks – limitation of the duties of each branch, and balances – separate powers to each branch.
3. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can pass a law over a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges: they, too, must be approved by the Senate.
4.  The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish.
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What is understood by the term «case law»?

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1_______. The president nominates the highest state officials and governors. 2_______. Russia’s bicameral parliament, the Federal Assembly consists of an upper house known as the Federation Council whose delegates are appointed by executive and legislative bodies of federal subjects, and a lower house known as the State Duma. 3_______. The Russian Federation consists of 88 different federal subjects. 4_______.

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“Let the punishment fit the crime” is more easily said than done. Punishment is any fine, confinement in jail or prison, or other penalty provided by the court. The purpose of punishment is not to remedy the wrong but rather to discipline the wrongdoer. Punishment should deter the wrongdoer and others from similar behavior in the future. The fact that many “career criminals” are arrested repeatedly indicates that the penal system is far from perfect.

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The purpose of punishment is …

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Many countries still have National Service, where all young men must join the army for some time. This practice has its origin in the Second World War, and was started to make sure that all citizens had enough knowledge of military matters in case such a war ever broke out again.
In the United States during the Vietnam War, many men broke the law by burning the letters ordering them to become soldiers, and some even left the country to avoid national service.
In some countries, such as Israel, women are also required to do national service. These women wear the same clothes, carry the same weapons and do the same jobs as the men. If our government keeps its promise, we will soon see women in our army. Many women who belong to feminist groups are trying to get the government to change direction on this law, because they believe that women should not be forced into a mail world.

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In some countries, such as Israel, …

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In my last year at school, I was asked if I would like to take part in the speech day ceremony, and talk about one of the projects I had been involved in during the year. I could turn my headmistress down, but was nervous about it. First I had to decide what to talk about, and find out exactly what made a good speech. I went to see one of my teachers and asked his advice. He told me to speak clearly and not too fast, to keep my hands still and to avoid staring at just one person in the audience. The following day I spent most of my evening going through my class projects and thinking about everything the teacher had said. Hours later, I made a decision about what to speak about and started to write my speech. I rewrote it five or six times until I was happy with it and read it to my parents. They made a few suggestions on how to improve it, and we finished what I would say. I practiced reading it aloud for a week and finally the big day arrived. I was quite calm about it, and when my name was read out by the headmistress, I was ready. The speech went perfectly, and everyone clapped when I had finished.

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I went to see one of me teachers and …