Вопрос № 1072294 - Английский язык

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It is a well-known fact that every building needs permanent stability. In order to have stability, buildings should have foundations. We know that the function of a foundation is to transfer the loads of a building into the soil. Foundations keep the walls and the floors of buildings from direct contact with the soil. They guard the walls and the floors against the action of the weather – rain, snow, and wind. Foundations keep the walls and the floors of buildings from direct contact with the soil. They also guard buildings against sinking that may cause cracks in the walls. Foundation design is very special. It may be both rather complex and very simple. It is a common practice that for very small buildings foundation design is usually much simpler than for large ones.

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It is a well-known fact that every building needs permanent stability. 1 _______. We know that the function of a foundation is to transfer the loads of a building into the soil.2 _______. They guard the walls and the floors against the action of the weather – rain, snow, and wind. 3 _______.They also guard buildings against sinking that may cause cracks in the walls. 4_______. It may be both rather complex and very simple. It is a common practice that for very small buildings foundation design is usually much simpler than for large ones.

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Materials used for construction purposes possess different properties. They differ in durability, strength, weight, fire-and decay-resistance and, naturally, cost. Wood, brick, stone, concrete, metals, and plastics belong to the most popular building materials used nowadays. They all have their advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing a structure.
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Aluminum is a considerably new structural material. For a long period it was considered to be rather expensive since its production required the use of electric power. Because of its relatively high cost, aluminum was not very popular as a construction material till the middle of the twentieth century. But now the situation is absolutely different. Aluminum and aluminum-alloys are extremely popular and widely used in various forms for construction purposes. The advantages of aluminum, compared with other popular metals, are its high strength combined with lightness.
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Wood has been a highly used 1_______ material since prehistoric times. Among other highly used building materials there are concrete, steel, brick, stone, and plastics. Being the oldest building material, 2_______ is also known to be the only naturally growing organic material. Among other advantages of wood there are its low cost, 3_______ weight, and high workability. But, as any other construction material, wood has its 4_______. The main ones are the following – it is not fire-resistant, it easily burns.

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Brick, stone, and timber are known to be the oldest building 1_______. Bricks belong to artificial materials. Their 2_______ started in prehistoric times. Since then they have been produced and tested in all types of climate and in many 3_______. Thousands of years ago the builders in Egypt already knew the advantages of bricks and used them for 4_______.