Вопрос № 223760 - Английский язык

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An electric current is a flow of electricity. There are two kinds of electricity, positive and negative. Glass rubbed with silk is positively charged, ebonite rubbed with fur is negatively charged.
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. The leaf electroscope is used to detect, distinguish and measure charges.
The ultimate particle of negative electricity is called the electron; that of positive electricity is called the proton.

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A basic law of electricity states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Electrons emitted from the cathode of an electron tube are negative electric charges. These charges may be either attracted to or repelled from the plate of a diode tube, depending on whether the plate is positively or negatively charged.

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In the space surrounding every magnet there exists what is called a magnetic field. When a strong magnet is brought close to a piece of sort iron, the iron takes on all the properties of a magnet. This phenomenon is called induction and it was discovered by Faraday.

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Any instrument for measuring electricity is known as an ammeter. An ammeter is used for measuring current in amperes. The abbreviation for the ampere is amp. there are very delicate ammeters that are used for measuring very small current. They are known as a milliammeter and a microammeter. The device for reading a thousands of an ampere is called a milliammeter while a microammeter is a device for reading a millionth of an ampere.

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All engineering materials are divided into metals and  non-metals. Copper, cast iron, aluminium are examples of metals. Rubber, plastic and ceramics are examples of non-metals. Today different metals are widely used in machine-building industry.

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We can divide all metals into ferrous and non-ferrous. Steel and cast iron are in the group of ferrous metals. They are alloys of iron with carbon, manganese, silicon and other components.
Non-ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which is not iron but some other element such as aluminium, copper and others. Some of the characteristics of non-ferrous metals are high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance, light weight and easiness of fabrication.