Вопрос № 223708 - Английский язык

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All plants require certain conditions of the environment for their best growth and development. The most important of them are water, soil, sunlight and temperature.
Without sunlight many important processes in plants do not take place. One of them is photosynthesis by which plants produce food from inorganic materials.
Besides water the soil in which crops are grown is to be provided with air and all necessary nutrients. The most important plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. There are at least 14 elements that are essential for proper plant growth. Farmers have to apply the nutrients taken by growing crops from the soil.

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Seed starts to germinate only under certain conditions. The optimum temperature at which seeds germinate best varies with different kinds of seed. The optimum temperature for the germination of wheat, for instance, is about 270C. Cotton and corn germinate best at about 350C.
Seeds of all crops need enough air for germination as oxygen is necessary for certain chemical reactions which take place in the plant food in the seed.
These reactions take place only, when water is present. So, moisture is also necessary for the germination of seeds.
This, a seed does not germinate: 1) if the temperature is not proper, 2) if there is not enough moisture and air in the soil.

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All plants require certain conditions of the environment for their best growth and development. The most important of them are water, soil, sunlight and temperature.
Without sunlight many important processes in plants do not take place. One of them is photosynthesis by which plants produce food from inorganic materials.
Besides water the soil in which crops are grown is to be provided with air and all necessary nutrients. The most important plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. There are at least 14 elements that are essential for proper plant growth. Farmers have to apply the nutrients taken by growing crops from the soil.

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Farm animals are affected by climate, soil fertility, diseases, parasites and man. Beef cattle, hogs and poultry used for meat in the North are quite different from the meat animals bred nearer to the equator.
Animals respond to the factors of the environment. The animals best adapted to the conditions of the environment grow and produce better.

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Most of Japan’s land cannot be used for growing crops because it is mountainous. The land that can be used for crop cultivation is used intensively in order to provide people with food.
The best farm land is around Jokohama and Tokyo. The climate and soil here are good for growing crops.
Rice is the most important food for the Japanese people. They grow much rice. It is grown in standing water in fields. When rice is mature the water is drained and the plants are harvested with special machines.
Another very important crop in this country is sweet potato. It is widely grown on the higher lands.
There are also fields of other crops such as wheat, barley and corn.

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Many important crop plants complete their life cycle in one growing season. Such plants are known as annuals. Some annuals are spring annuals planted in spring and harvested in autumn. There are also winter annuals planted in autumn and harvested next summer. Winter wheat is an example of winter annuals and corn is a typical spring annual.
Some plants start their growth in one season but produce seed and die at the end of the second season. They are biennials. Sugar beet is a good example of a biennial plant.
Many plants grow for more than two seasons. Most of our hay and pasture crops are perennials.