Вопрос № 800778 - Английский язык

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A corporation is a legal entity that is created by government grant. Courts speak of the corporation as an artificial person with an existence separate from the persons who organize, own, and run it. However, a corporation is created by people and can do nothing without the aid of people who act for it.
Although corporations are far outnumbered by sole proprietorships and partnerships, corporations do most of the business in this country.

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The corporation form of business has several 1_________ over the sole proprietorship and partnership. It is a separate 2_________ entity and offers limited liability to the owners, ease of capital generation and 3__________ of transfer of ownership. 4_________, it allows centralized authority, responsibility and professional management.

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Creditors normally cannot collect claims against the corporation from persons who own shares in the corporation. Of course, the corporation itself is liable without limit for its debts; all of its assets may be seized under court order to pay delinquent claims. But the individual stockholders have limited liability and can lose only the amount they have invested.

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A major advantage of the corporate form over the partnership form is the ease of transferring ownership interests. Normally, individual owners can sell their interests in the corporation without disturbing the company’s operations or getting the consent of other owners. The stock of most large corporations is traded (bought and sold) on the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. By contacting a stockbroker, any person may buy or sell a reasonable number of shares of any listed stock within minutes when the exchanges are open.

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Because liability is limited to investment, and because owners buy and sell their interests with comparative ease, many persons invest in corporations. Thus, great sums of money are raised. Small and large investments by thousands of persons and institutions are combined to fund the giant corporations.

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With substantial capital, efficient corporations generally have greater financial strength than do other forms of business organization. This enables corporations to attract superior workers by offering big salaries and fringe benefits. Moreover, because the corporation is not automatically dissolved by the death of any owner, it usually provides better assurance of continued employment.