Вопрос № 605356 - Английский язык

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The human heart contracts from the first moment of life until the last one. The contractions of the heart pump the blood through the arteries to all 1_______ of the body. Physiologists have determined that in the adult the heart makes from 60 to 72 2_______ per minute. In children the rate of heart beat is much higher. Research work has determined that rate of heart beat increases depending on different emotions.
Each beat of the heart is followed by a 3_______ of rest. Each contraction and a period of rest compose a cardiac cycle.
Each cardiac cycle consists of three phases: the first phase of short contraction – the atrial systole, the second phase of a more prolonged contraction – the ventricular systole. The period of rest is called the diastole.
Research 4_______ of many physiologists has estimated the role of the ventricles as the main pump of the human heart.

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The human heart contracts from the first moment of the life until the last one. 1____________. Physiologists have determined that in the adult the heart makes from 60 to 72 beats per minute. 2_________. Research work has determined that rate of the heart beat increases depending on different emotions.
Each beat of the heart is followed by a period of rest. 3_____________.
Each cardiac cycle consists of three phases: the first phase of short contraction – the atrial systole, the second phase of a more prolonged contraction – the ventricular systole. The period of rest is called the diastole.
4____________.

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Cough is one of the commonest symptoms in childhood as well as at any age. It is important to understand that coughing is quite a normal act, as it is one of the body’s ways of protecting the bronchial tubes and lungs. Any irritation of the bronchial tree or the trachea excites a reflex one cough. There are two main causes of this irritation. Firstly, it may be due to mucus which comes down the back of the nose. The cough reflex is to prevent the entering of mucus into the bronchial tubes. Secondly, infection may cause inflammation of the trachea and this produces the cough reflex.
Many children who have a persistent cough have no disease in their chest. When the doctor examines such a child with his stethoscope there is no abnormality to be heard. However, in some children coughing is due to impairment in the chest itself. The cough is an expression of the normal defences of the chest, but in this case the bronchial tubes are inflamed.  
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There are two main _______.

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Asthma has many different forms, with possibly different causes. There is no condition which is so individual, so personal.
Asthma often begins in childhood. A child has had attacks of cough accompanied by breathlessness. When he recovers no one knows when the next attack will occur. But many such child patients are free of the disease becoming adults, yet there are some who are not so happy.
There are certain types of asthma. The allergic type is due to some biochemical substance foreign to the body which produces an attack of asthma.
Attacks of asthma may be due to different emotions so this gives one the possibility to consider asthma as psychoneurosis, determining its type as psychoneurologic.
Infections greatly affect the course of asthma. Pneumonia, tonsillitis and other foci of infection in the body provide favourable conditions for the development of severe attacks of asthma.
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A child has had attacks of cough accompanied by  _______.

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Acute bacterial endocarditis is one of the forms of the impairment of endocardium.
The disease develops as a complication of some primary focus of infection. The causative agents of the disease may be streptococci, staphylococci, meningococci and other organisms. If the primary focus of infection has external localization it is readily diagnosed. However, there are cases with deeply localized internal primary  focus of infection, which present much difficulty for the diagnosis.
From the local focus of infection pathogenic organisms enter the general blood flow and form secondary foci of infection. Such foci may develop in the endocardium affecting the aortic, mitral and sometimes tricuspid valves.
In some cases acute bacterial endocarditis is accompanied by purulent pericarditis and pleurisy.
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Acute bacterial endocarditis is one of the forms _______.

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The heart is a pump. Its function is to pump the blood through the general and pulmonary circulation. The power required for this purpose varies greatly, depending on the position, exercise and resistance to blood flow.
To meet these varying requirements the heart has a wide reserve power. If the load on the heart is permanently increased the reserve is diminished or the heart undergoes hypertrophy to meet the increased requirements.
If, because of poor nutrition, infection or overstrain, hypertrophy fails, or the reserve is eliminated, the heart dilates, and heart failure or cardiac insufficiency develops.
Hypertrophy of the heart muscle is almost always accompanied by increase in the size of the heart cavities, but in dilatation, properly speaking, the muscle walls become thin and lose their tone and the size of the cavities is disproportionally large.
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Its function is to pump the blood _______.