Вопрос № 223111 - Английский язык

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A laser is a quantum electronic 1______________. It is a machine for making and concentrating light 2______________ into a very intense beam. The letters LASER stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The light 3______________ by a laser is much more intense than ordinary light. With ordinary light, all the light waves are of 4_____________ lengths. With lasers, all the light waves are of the same length, and this increases the intensity.

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Speaking a foreign 1______________ you can read papers, magazines and original 2______________ by great writers, watch satellite TV programs. If you like 3______________ you can go anywhere without being afraid that other 4______________ will not understand you. English is very important to find a good job.

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Lasers are widely used in 1_______________. In Moscow an All-Union Centre for Using Lasers in Surgery has been set up. The first step was made in 1970 by 2_____________ A. Vishnevsky who used a small-capacity 3______________ installation experimenting on animals. Russian scientists have produced Scalpel-1 installation which is widely used in our 4_____________ and is exported to many other countries.

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Lasers are used in 1________________ and in agriculture. Russian scientists have developed a 2______________ instrument - the laser projection 3_______________ (the work received the USSR State Prize). The tremendous brightness of laser radiation 4________________ it possible to project clear images of microobjects onto large screens, magnified 15,000 times.

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Laser beams 1_____________ it possible not only to transmit light 2______________ over great distances, but also to encase it in very thin glass filaments - waveguides. It is possible to transmit simultaneously thousand telephone 3______________ and many 4______________ programmes over a single guide a tenth of a millimetre thick.

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Thermionic emission is the most important and one most commonly used in electron 1_______________. In this 2________________ the metal is heated, resulting in increased thermal or kinetic 3________________ of the unbound electrons. Thus, a greater number of electrons will attain sufficient speed and energy to escape from the surface of the emitter. The number of electrons released per unit area of an emitting surface is related to the absolute 4_________________ of the cathode and a quantity of the work an electron must perform when escaping from the emitting surface.