Вопрос № 604886 - Английский язык

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Parliament is held in the Palace of Westminster. This tradition dates back to Saxon times when the king called to this place a group of powerful barons who discussed with him matters of state. The king often argued with them for his power and money. In 1215 King Henry III refused to accept Magna Carta. A group of powerful barons supported him. But Symon de Monfort defeated them and in 1265 called the first Parliament. From that time king summoned Parliament and representatives of counties and cities together with the King’s advisers from the clergy, and his supporters among the feudal barons met together. As the class differences between the representatives and aristocracy became more marked, the division into the ”Lords” and the ”Commons” took place.

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The House of Commons
1. The House of Commons, the centre of parliamentary power, is directly responsible to the electorate. From the 20lh century the House of Lords has recognised the supremacy of the elected chamber. The House of Commons is traditionally regarded as the lower house, but it is the main parliamentary arena for political battle. A Government can only remain in office for as long as it has the support of a majority in the House of Commons.
2. New legislation usually starts in this House which has primacy over the non-elected House of Lords. «Money bills», concerned solely with taxation and public expenditure, are always introduced in the Commons and must be passed by the Lords promptly and without amendment. When the two houses disagree on a non-money bill, the elected chamber prevails.
3. A Member of Parliament (MP) is elected by a particular area or constituency in Britain to represent them in the House of Commons. MPs have many duties that involve them in different activities. A lot of MPs’ work has nothing to do with voting in Parliament. MPs are there to help people and to try to make sure their rights under the law are not violated. Some MPs hold an advice bureau in their constituencies, where people can go for help and recommendation.
4. The presiding officer in the House of Commons is the Speaker. He is responsible for ensuring that the rules laid down by the House for the carrying out of its business are observed. He acts as the House's representative in its relations with outside bodies and the other elements of Parliament such as the Lords and the Monarch. The Speaker is elected by MPs in the House of Commons but then ceases to be involved in party politics. Even after retirement a former Speaker shall not take part in political issues.
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The House of Commons is called «the elected chamber» because its members are elected by …

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It was believed that the first person to visit one’s house on New Year’s Day could bring good or bad luck. Therefore, people tried to arrange for the person of their own choice to be standing outside their houses ready to be let in the moment midnight had come. Usually a dark-complexioned man was chosen, and never a woman, for she would bring bad luck. The first footer was required to carry three articles: a piece of coal to wish warmth, a piece of bread to wish food, and a silver coin to wish wealth. In parts of northern England this pleasing custom is still observed.
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1. bad
2. dark-complexioned
3. pleasing
4. first

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Many modern Easter symbols come from pagan times. The egg, for instance, was a fertility symbol long before the Christian era. The ancient Persians, Greeks and Chinese exchanged eggs at their spring festivals. In Christian times the egg took on a new meaning symbolizing the tomb from which Christ rose. The ancient custom of dying eggs at Easter time is still very popular.
The Easter bunny also originated in pre-Christian fertility lore. The rabbit was the most fertile animal our ancestors knew, so they selected it as a symbol of new life. Today, children enjoy candy bunnies and listening to stories about the Easter bunny, who supposedly brings Easter eggs in a fancy basket.
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1. Easter
2. Christian
3. spring
4. fertile

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In the matter of holidays the British is less well-off than other Europeans. Most people have only three weeks paid holiday per year, and the bank holidays put Britain at the bottom of the list of Common Market countries as far as public holidays are concerned. British “bank holidays” are New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. Only when the UK joined the EEC did New Year’s Day become a public holiday.
The patron saints days are not celebrated with a holiday. They are St. David’s Day (March 1st) in Wales, St. George’s Day (April 23rd) in England and St. Andrew’s Day (November 30th) in Scotland. Only Ireland, both North and South, has a holiday on St. Patrick’s Day (March 17th).
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1. bank
2. Easter
3. Boxing
4. three

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Hallowe’en means “holy evening”, and takes place on 31st October. Although it is a much more important festival in the United States than Britain, it is celebrated by many people in the UK. It is particular connected with witches and ghosts. At parties people dress up in strange costumes and pretend they are witches.
If you try to catch a train on 24th of December, you may have difficulty in finding a seat. This is the day when many people are travelling home to be with their families on Christmas Day, 25th December. For most British families, this is the most important festival of the year, it combines the Christmas celebration of the birth of Christ with the traditional festivities of winter.
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1. holy
2. important
3. strange
4. British